更多文章
由於 OpenVPN 是使用憑證的認証方式，所以必須先利用一部電腦(Windows 或 Linux)來產生主機與用戶端所需的不同憑證檔，以下將說明如何在 Linux 上產生這些憑證檔。
找一台 Linux，從官網下載 OpenVPN 安裝檔
http://openvpn.net/index.php/downloads.html
$wget http://openvpn.net/release/openvpn-2.0.9.tar.gz
$tar xzf openvpn-2.0.9.tar.gz
$cd openvpn-2.0.9/
$cd easy-rsa/
$vi vars
reference to undefined name 'syntax' Exception of type 'MindTouch.Deki.Script.Runtime.DekiScriptUndefinedNameException' was thrown. (click for details)Callstack:
at 實驗專案/Networking/PfSense/如何設定_OpenVPN_服務
MindTouch.Deki.Script.Runtime.DekiScriptUndefinedNameException: reference to undefined name 'syntax' Exception of type 'MindTouch.Deki.Script.Runtime.DekiScriptUndefinedNameException' was thrown.
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Compiler.DekiScriptExpressionEvaluation.Visit (MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptVar expr, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptVar.VisitWith[DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState,Range] (IDekiScriptExpressionVisitor`2 visitor, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Compiler.DekiScriptExpressionEvaluation.Evaluate (MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptAccess expr, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state, Boolean evaluateProperties) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Compiler.DekiScriptExpressionEvaluation.Visit (MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptAccess expr, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptAccess.VisitWith[DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState,Range] (IDekiScriptExpressionVisitor`2 visitor, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Compiler.DekiScriptExpressionEvaluation.Visit (MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptCall expr, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptCall.VisitWith[DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState,Range] (IDekiScriptExpressionVisitor`2 visitor, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Compiler.DekiScriptExpressionEvaluation.Visit (MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptSequence expr, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptSequence.VisitWith[DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState,Range] (IDekiScriptExpressionVisitor`2 visitor, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Compiler.DekiScriptExpressionEvaluation.Visit (MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptReturnScope expr, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
註：以上那些參數隨意輸入
$source ./vars
$./clean-all
$./build-ca
.....
......
Country Name (2 letter code) [TW]:(按 Enter)
State or Province Name (full name) [ALANG]:(按 Enter)
Locality Name (eg, city) [HsinChu]:(按 Enter)
Organization Name (eg, company) [pfSense-VPN]:(按 Enter)
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:(按 Enter)
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:alang-pfsense
Email Address [alang@myhost.mydomain]:(按 Enter) |
註：Common Name 隨便輸入
$./build-key-server server
....
....
Country Name (2 letter code) [TW]:(按 Enter)
State or Province Name (full name) [ALANG]:(按 Enter)
Locality Name (eg, city) [HsinChu]:(按 Enter)
Organization Name (eg, company) [pfSense-VPN]:(按 Enter)
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:(按 Enter)
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:server
Email Address [alang@myhost.mydomain]:(按 Enter)
...
...
A challenge password []:(按 Enter)
An optional company name []:(按 Enter)
...
...
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
...
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y |
$./build-dh
$./build-key pfsense-client
..
...
Country Name (2 letter code) [TW]:(按 Enter)
State or Province Name (full name) [ALANG]:(按 Enter)
Locality Name (eg, city) [HsinChu]:(按 Enter)
Organization Name (eg, company) [pfSense-VPN]:(按 Enter)
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:(按 Enter)
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:client
Email Address [alang@myhost.mydomain]:(按 Enter)
...
...
A challenge password []:(按 Enter)
An optional company name []:(按 Enter)
...
...
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
...
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y |
到這裡已經完成憑證檔的產生程序。所有後面步驟會用到的憑證檔都存在 keys 目錄內，包含有：
ca.crt
ca.key
dh{xxx}.pem
server.crt
server.key
pfsense-client.crt
pfsense-client.key
最後再檢查一下這些檔案大小，如果有出現 0 的，表示該檔案產生失敗，請重新再產生一次。 回到 pfSense 的管理網頁，選擇《Firewall》《OpenVPN》《Server》，按一下＋新增項目
Protocol = TCP
Dynamic IP = yes
Address Pool = 輸入 VPN Client 的子網路，這必須與其他子網路不同，像LAN/WAN/DMZ/LAN2。
Local network = 區域網路的網段，通常是 LAN，如果是保持空白，VPN 的用戶將無法連接區域網路。
Authentication method = PKI 將不同的憑證檔內容複製到頁面上各個相應欄位，在 Linux 要列出檔案內容，使用指令 cat $cat ca.crt 複製包含有 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- 和 -----END CERTIFICATE---- 之間區段的內容。 圖上有說明。
LZO compression = 可選擇封包是否壓縮，如果開啟這，用戶端的設定也須開啟此功能
Custom options = 一般情況可保持空白，如果有 DMZ 或 LAN2 的其他子網路，要使 VPN Client 可以連接它們，須加上一些設定，例如 LAN2 為 10.10.9.0/24 時，請輸入：
push "route 10.10.9.0 255.255.255.0"
如須加多個功能參數，以分號作分隔。
設定兩個基本規則 LAN & WAN： 在 LAN 須有這一項規則
如果沒有，請自行增加
在 WAN 介面，要有這項規則
如果沒有，請自行增加
到這裡 pfSense 有關 OpenVPN 的設定已經完成。 接下來要作用戶端的設定，選一台 Windows，須先安裝 OpenVPN 用戶端軟體，這網站可以下載 http://openvpn.se/ 安裝過程中，會自動新增一個虛擬網路介面 TAP-Win32 Adapter，這是用來建立 VPN 連線通道用的。
新增用戶端的OpenVPN 設定檔，《開始》《所有程式》《OpenVPN》《OpenVPN configuration file directory》 在這資料夾新增一個文字檔，檔名為 pfsense.ovpn，內容如下
reference to undefined name 'syntax' Exception of type 'MindTouch.Deki.Script.Runtime.DekiScriptUndefinedNameException' was thrown. (click for details)Callstack:
at 實驗專案/Networking/PfSense/如何設定_OpenVPN_服務
MindTouch.Deki.Script.Runtime.DekiScriptUndefinedNameException: reference to undefined name 'syntax' Exception of type 'MindTouch.Deki.Script.Runtime.DekiScriptUndefinedNameException' was thrown.
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Compiler.DekiScriptExpressionEvaluation.Visit (MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptVar expr, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptVar.VisitWith[DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState,Range] (IDekiScriptExpressionVisitor`2 visitor, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Compiler.DekiScriptExpressionEvaluation.Evaluate (MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptAccess expr, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state, Boolean evaluateProperties) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Compiler.DekiScriptExpressionEvaluation.Visit (MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptAccess expr, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptAccess.VisitWith[DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState,Range] (IDekiScriptExpressionVisitor`2 visitor, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Compiler.DekiScriptExpressionEvaluation.Visit (MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptCall expr, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptCall.VisitWith[DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState,Range] (IDekiScriptExpressionVisitor`2 visitor, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Compiler.DekiScriptExpressionEvaluation.Visit (MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptSequence expr, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptSequence.VisitWith[DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState,Range] (IDekiScriptExpressionVisitor`2 visitor, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at MindTouch.Deki.Script.Compiler.DekiScriptExpressionEvaluation.Visit (MindTouch.Deki.Script.Expr.DekiScriptReturnScope expr, DekiScriptExpressionEvaluationState state) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
如果 pfsense 有開啟 LZO compression，這裡的 comp-lzo 要移除註解。接著複製前面步驟製作的憑證檔到一樣的資料夾內，檔名有 ca.crt
pfsense-client.crt
pfsense-client.key
終於都完成了，開始試連吧！使用很簡單，在桌面的右下角工作區，會多一個 OpenVPN 的連接圖示，按右鍵選 connect 或 disconnect 即可。
小技巧： LZO compression 實際使用後，覺得連線後的反應速度好像有變快。
參考連結：
http://www.pfsense.org/mirror.php?section=tutorials/openvpn/pfsense-ovpn.pdf
