SheevaPlug
內容表格
SheevaPlug 是目前可以安裝完整版 Linux 的最迷你硬體，CPU 是由 Marvell 設計開發，基於 ARM 架構，主要規格如下：
- CPU 處理器：1.2 GHz
- RAM 記憶體：DDR2 512MB
- NAND FLASH：512MB
- 可開機儲存介面：USB2.0 x1, SDHC x1
- 連接介面：Gigabit Network x1, JTAG mini USB
- 外觀尺寸：110mm (L) x 69.5mm (W) x 48.5 mm (H)
SheevaPlug 更多介紹：
更多文章
如何開始
當你購買 SheevaPlug 時，機器上已內建有 Ubuntu 作業系統，安裝在內建的 512MB NAND Flash。
SSH Login: root / nosoup4u
使用 mini-USB 登入 SheevaPlug
由於 SheevaPlug 無法直接連結螢幕，更無法接上鍵盤，所以要登入內建的 Ubuntu，有兩種方法：
- 網路上有 DHCP Server，且有權限可以讀取 IP 租用的紀錄。
Ubuntu 的網路設定預設為 DHCP 模式，透過讀取網路上的 DHCP Server 的 IP 租用紀錄，找出 SheevaPlug 所租用 IP 位址，然後使用 PuTTY 以 SSH 模式連結 SheevaPlug。 - 以 Windows 操作而言，安裝 FTDI 2232 驅動程式，使 Windows 可以透過 mini-USB cable 以 RS232 模式登入 SheevaPlug；以 Linux 操作者，請參考這篇 Serial terminal。
由於第一項實用性較低，本章節將以第二項操作為主要說明內容：
// 下載 FTDI 2232 Driver
SheevaPlug_Host_SWsupportPackageWindowsHost1.2.zip
Driver 安裝方式是，將壓縮檔解壓縮，然後將 SheevaPlug 插上電源，並與 WindowsXP 用 mini-USB 連接，此時 WindowsXP 會偵測到有新裝置，並出現安裝驅動程式的視窗，選擇手動安裝，並將目錄指向剛剛解壓縮的檔案目錄，若一切正常，會陸續有三次的驅動安裝，每次都指向同個目錄即可；若在這裡，WindowsXP 始終沒有偵測到適合的驅動程式，請改用本站所修改的 driver。
// 找出虛擬的 COM 裝置名稱
將 SheevaPlug 插上電源，並與 WindowsXP 用 mini-USB 連接。
WindowsXP > 開始 > 設定 > 控制臺 > 效能及維護 > 系統管理工具 > 電腦管理 > 裝置管理員
連接埠 (COM 和 LPT)
--> USB Serial Port (COM9)
NOTE: 這裡所顯示的 COM9，編號在不同電腦下可能會有所不同。
// 以 PuTTY 軟體登入系統
開啟 PuTTY，
Connection type : Serial
Serial line : COM9
Speed : 115200
連接後若出現黑畫面，多按幾次 Enter，若正常會出現 debian 登入提示。
內建的 Ubuntu 作業系統資訊
// 作業系統版本
root@debian:~# cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=9.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=jaunty DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu jaunty (development branch)" root@debian:~# uname -a Linux debian 2.6.22.18 #1 Thu Mar 19 14:46:22 IST 2009 armv5tejl GNU/Linu
// CPU
root@debian:~# cat /proc/cpuinfo Processor : ARM926EJ-S rev 1 (v5l) BogoMIPS : 1192.75 Features : swp half thumb fastmult edsp CPU implementer : 0x56 CPU architecture: 5TE CPU variant : 0x2 CPU part : 0x131 CPU revision : 1 Cache type : write-back Cache clean : cp15 c7 ops Cache lockdown : format C Cache format : Harvard I size : 16384 I assoc : 4 I line length : 32 I sets : 128 D size : 16384 D assoc : 4 D line length : 32 D sets : 128 Hardware : Feroceon-KW Revision : 0000 Serial : 0000000000000000
// RAM
root@debian:~# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 515636 kB MemFree: 486128 kB Buffers: 0 kB Cached: 12352 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 10400 kB Inactive: 6316 kB SwapTotal: 0 kB SwapFree: 0 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 4380 kB Mapped: 2804 kB Slab: 9844 kB SReclaimable: 796 kB SUnreclaim: 9048 kB PageTables: 216 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB CommitLimit: 257816 kB Committed_AS: 8576 kB VmallocTotal: 122880 kB VmallocUsed: 564 kB VmallocChunk: 122296 kB
// Installed Package
root@debian:~# dpkg -l Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Cfg-files/Unpacked/Failed-cfg/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Hold/Reinst-required/X=both-problems (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Description +++-==============-==============-============================================ ii adduser 3.110ubuntu2 add and remove users and groups ii apt 0.7.19ubuntu1 Advanced front-end for dpkg ii apt-utils 0.7.19ubuntu1 APT utility programs ii base-files 5ubuntu1 Debian base system miscellaneous files ii base-passwd 3.5.19 Debian base system master password and group ii bash 3.2-4ubuntu1 The GNU Bourne Again SHell ii belocs-locales 2.4-4ubuntu2 tools for compiling locale data files ii bsdutils 1:2.14-1ubuntu Basic utilities from 4.4BSD-Lite ii busybox-initra 1:1.10.2-2ubun Standalone shell setup for initramfs ii bzip2 1.0.5-1ubuntu1 high-quality block-sorting file compressor - ii ca-certificate 20080809 Common CA certificates ii console-setup 1.28ubuntu4 Set up the font and the keyboard on the cons ii console-termin 4.26-2.1 Fixed-width fonts for fast reading on the Li ii coreutils 6.10-6ubuntu1 The GNU core utilities ii cpio 2.9-14ubuntu1 GNU cpio -- a program to manage archives of ii cron 3.0pl1-105ubun management of regular background processing ii cryptsetup 2:1.0.6-7ubunt configures encrypted block devices ii dash 0.5.4-12ubuntu POSIX-compliant shell ii debconf 1.5.24ubuntu2 Debian configuration management system ii debconf-i18n 1.5.24ubuntu2 full internationalization support for debcon ii debianutils 2.30ubuntu2 Miscellaneous utilities specific to Debian ii dhcp3-client 3.1.1-5ubuntu1 DHCP client ii dhcp3-common 3.1.1-5ubuntu1 common files used by all the dhcp3* packages ii diff 2.8.1-12ubuntu File comparison utilities ii dmsetup 2:1.02.27-4ubu The Linux Kernel Device Mapper userspace lib ii dosfstools 3.0.1-1 utilities for making and checking MS-DOS FAT ii dpkg 1.14.24ubuntu1 Debian package management system ii e2fslibs 1.41.3-1ubuntu ext2 filesystem libraries ii e2fsprogs 1.41.3-1ubuntu ext2/ext3/ext4 file system utilities ii eject 2.1.5+deb1+cvs ejects CDs and operates CD-Changers under Li ii file 4.26-2 Determines file type using "magic" numbers ii findutils 4.4.0-2ubuntu3 utilities for finding files--find, xargs ii gcc-4.3-base 4.3.2-2ubuntu1 The GNU Compiler Collection (base package) ii gnupg 1.4.9-3ubuntu1 GNU privacy guard - a free PGP replacement ii gpgv 1.4.9-3ubuntu1 GNU privacy guard - signature verification t ii grep 2.5.3~dfsg-6ub GNU grep, egrep and fgrep ii gzip 1.3.12-6ubuntu The GNU compression utility ii hashalot 0.3-5 Read and hash a passphrase ii hostname 2.95 utility to set/show the host name or domain ii ifupdown 0.6.8ubuntu15 high level tools to configure network interf ii initramfs-tool 0.92bubuntu18 tools for generating an initramfs ii initscripts 2.86.ds1-61ubu Scripts for initializing and shutting down t ii iproute 20080725-2 networking and traffic control tools ii iputils-ping 3:20071127-1 Tools to test the reachability of network ho ii kbd 1.14.1-4ubuntu Linux console font and keytable utilities ii klibc-utils 1.5.14-1~exp1u small utilities built with klibc for early b ii klogd 1.5-5ubuntu2 Kernel Logging Daemon ii language-pack- 1:8.10+2008102 translation updates for language English ii language-pack- 1:8.10+2008102 translations for language English ii laptop-detect 0.13.7ubuntu1 attempt to detect a laptop ii less 418-1 Pager program similar to more ii libacl1 2.2.47-2 Access control list shared library ii libatm1 2.4.1-17.2 shared library for ATM (Asynchronous Transfe ii libattr1 1:2.4.43-1 Extended attribute shared library ii libblkid1 1.41.3-1ubuntu block device id library ii libbz2-1.0 1.0.5-1ubuntu1 high-quality block-sorting file compressor l ii libc6 2.9-0ubuntu7 GNU C Library: Shared libraries ii libcap1 1:1.10-14build support for getting/setting POSIX.1e capabil ii libcomerr2 1.41.3-1ubuntu common error description library ii libcups2 1.3.9-11ubuntu Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - libs ii libcurl3-gnutl 7.18.2-8ubuntu Multi-protocol file transfer library (GnuTLS ii libdb4.2 4.2.52+dfsg-5 Berkeley v4.2 Database Libraries [runtime] ii libdb4.6 4.6.21-12 Berkeley v4.6 Database Libraries [runtime] ii libdb4.7 4.7.25-6ubuntu Berkeley v4.7 Database Libraries [runtime] ii libdevmapper1. 2:1.02.27-4ubu The Linux Kernel Device Mapper userspace lib ii libedit2 2.11~20080614- BSD editline and history libraries ii libfribidi0 0.10.9-1 Free Implementation of the Unicode BiDi algo ii libgcc1 1:4.3.2-2ubunt GCC support library ii libgcrypt11 1.4.1-2ubuntu1 LGPL Crypto library - runtime library ii libgnutls26 2.4.2-4 the GNU TLS library - runtime library ii libgpg-error0 1.4-2ubuntu7 library for common error values and messages ii libgpm2 1.20.4-3ubuntu General Purpose Mouse - shared library ii libidn11 1.10-3 GNU libidn library, implementation of IETF I ii libkeyutils1 1.2-9 Linux Key Management Utilities (library) ii libklibc 1.5.14-1~exp1u minimal libc subset for use with initramfs ii libkrb53 1.6.dfsg.4~bet MIT Kerberos runtime libraries ii libldap-2.4-2 2.4.11-0ubuntu OpenLDAP libraries ii liblocale-gett 1.05-4build1 Using libc functions for internationalizatio ii liblockfile1 1.08-3 NFS-safe locking library, includes dotlockfi ii liblzo2-2 2.03-1 data compression library ii libmagic1 4.26-2 File type determination library using "magic ii libncurses5 5.7+20081220-1 shared libraries for terminal handling ii libncursesw5 5.7+20081220-1 shared libraries for terminal handling (wide ii libnewt0.52 0.52.2-11.3ubu Not Erik's Windowing Toolkit - text mode win ii libpam-modules 1.0.1-5ubuntu1 Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM ii libpam-runtime 1.0.1-5ubuntu1 Runtime support for the PAM library ii libpam0g 1.0.1-5ubuntu1 Pluggable Authentication Modules library ii libpcre3 7.8-2ubuntu1 Perl 5 Compatible Regular Expression Library ii libpopt0 1.14-4 lib for parsing cmdline parameters ii libreadline5 5.2-3build1 GNU readline and history libraries, run-time ii libsasl2-2 2.1.22.dfsg1-2 Cyrus SASL - authentication abstraction libr ii libsasl2-modul 2.1.22.dfsg1-2 Cyrus SASL - pluggable authentication module ii libselinux1 2.0.65-5 SELinux shared libraries ii libsepol1 2.0.30-2 Security Enhanced Linux policy library for c ii libslang2 2.1.3-3ubuntu3 The S-Lang programming library - runtime ver ii libsqlite3-0 3.5.9-6 SQLite 3 shared library ii libss2 1.41.3-1ubuntu command-line interface parsing library ii libssl0.9.8 0.9.8g-15ubunt SSL shared libraries ii libstdc++6 4.3.2-2ubuntu1 The GNU Standard C++ Library v3 ii libtalloc1 1.2.0~git20080 hierarchical pool based memory allocator ii libtasn1-3 1.5-1 Manage ASN.1 structures (runtime) ii libtext-charwi 0.04-5build1 get display widths of characters on the term ii libtext-iconv- 1.7-1build1 converts between character sets in Perl ii libtext-wrapi1 0.06-6 internationalized substitute of Text::Wrap ii libusb-0.1-4 2:0.1.12-13 userspace USB programming library ii libuuid1 1.41.3-1ubuntu universally unique id library ii libvolume-id1 136-4 volume identification library ii libwbclient0 2:3.2.5-3ubunt client library for interfacing with winbind ii libwrap0 7.6.q-16 Wietse Venema's TCP wrappers library ii libx11-6 2:1.1.5-2ubunt X11 client-side library ii libx11-data 2:1.1.5-2ubunt X11 client-side library ii libxau6 1:1.0.4-1 X11 authorisation library ii libxcb-xlib0 1.1-1.1 X C Binding, Xlib/XCB interface library ii libxcb1 1.1-1.1 X C Binding ii libxdmcp6 1:1.0.2-3 X11 Display Manager Control Protocol library rc libxext6 2:1.0.4-1 X11 miscellaneous extension library rc libxmuu1 2:1.0.4-1 X11 miscellaneous micro-utility library ii locales 2.7.9-5 common files for locale support ii lockfile-progs 0.1.11ubuntu2 Programs for locking and unlocking files and ii login 1:4.1.1-6ubunt system login tools ii logrotate 3.7.7-2ubuntu1 Log rotation utility ii lsb-base 3.2-20ubuntu2 Linux Standard Base 3.2 init script function ii lsb-release 3.2-20ubuntu2 Linux Standard Base version reporting utilit ii lzma 4.43-14ubuntu1 Compression method of 7z format in 7-Zip pro ii makedev 2.3.1-88 creates device files in /dev ii mawk 1.3.3-13ubuntu a pattern scanning and text processing langu ii mime-support 3.44-1 MIME files 'mime.types' & 'mailcap', and sup ii mktemp 1.5-9 tool for creating temporary files ii module-init-to 3.3-pre11-4ubu tools for managing Linux kernel modules ii mount 2.14-1ubuntu4 Tools for mounting and manipulating filesyst ii mtd-tools 20080508-1ubun dummy package for transition purposes ii mtd-utils 20080508-1ubun Memory Technology Device Utilities ii nano 2.0.7-4 free Pico clone with some new features ii ncurses-base 5.7+20081220-1 basic terminal type definitions ii ncurses-bin 5.7+20081220-1 terminal-related programs and man pages ii net-tools 1.60-21ubuntu1 The NET-3 networking toolkit ii netbase 4.34ubuntu1 Basic TCP/IP networking system ii netcat 1.10-38 TCP/IP swiss army knife -- transitional pack ii netcat-traditi 1.10-38 TCP/IP swiss army knife ii ntpdate 1:4.2.4p4+dfsg client for setting system time from NTP serv ii openssh-client 1:5.1p1-4ubunt secure shell client, an rlogin/rsh/rcp repla ii openssh-server 1:5.1p1-4ubunt secure shell server, an rshd replacement ii openssl 0.9.8g-15ubunt Secure Socket Layer (SSL) binary and related ii passwd 1:4.1.1-6ubunt change and administer password and group dat ii perl-base 5.10.0-19ubunt minimal Perl system ii procps 1:3.2.7-9ubunt /proc file system utilities ii python 2.5.2-3ubuntu1 An interactive high-level object-oriented la ii python-minimal 2.5.2-3ubuntu1 A minimal subset of the Python language (def ii python2.5 2.5.4-0ubuntu1 An interactive high-level object-oriented la ii python2.5-mini 2.5.4-0ubuntu1 A minimal subset of the Python language (ver ii readline-commo 5.2-3build1 GNU readline and history libraries, common f ii samba 2:3.2.5-3ubunt a LanManager-like file and printer server fo ii samba-common 2:3.2.5-3ubunt Samba common files used by both the server a ii sed 4.1.5-8 The GNU sed stream editor ii startup-tasks 0.3.9-8 definitions of essential tasks to run on sta ii sudo 1.6.9p17-1ubun Provide limited super user privileges to spe ii sysklogd 1.5-5ubuntu2 System Logging Daemon ii system-service 0.3.9-8 definitions of essential system services ii sysv-rc 2.86.ds1-61ubu System-V-like runlevel change mechanism ii sysvinit-utils 2.86.ds1-61ubu System-V-like utilities ii tar 1.20-1 GNU version of the tar archiving utility ii tasksel 2.73ubuntu13 Tool for selecting tasks for installation on ii tasksel-data 2.73ubuntu13 Official tasks used for installation of Debi ii tcpd 7.6.q-16 Wietse Venema's TCP wrapper utilities ii tzdata 2008i-3 time zone and daylight-saving time data ii ubuntu-keyring 2008.03.04 GnuPG keys of the Ubuntu archive ii ubuntu-minimal 1.131 Minimal core of Ubuntu ii ucf 3.0011 Update Configuration File: preserve user cha ii udev 136-4 rule-based device node and kernel event mana ii unzip 5.52-12ubuntu1 De-archiver for .zip files ii update-inetd 4.31 inetd configuration file updater ii upstart 0.3.9-8 event-based init daemon ii upstart-compat 0.3.9-8 compatibility for System-V-like init ii upstart-logd 0.3.9-8 boot logging daemon ii util-linux 2.14-1ubuntu4 Miscellaneous system utilities ii uuid-runtime 1.41.3-1ubuntu universally unique id library ii vim-common 2:7.2.079-1ubu Vi IMproved - Common files ii vim-tiny 2:7.2.079-1ubu Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - compact v ii whiptail 0.52.2-11.3ubu Displays user-friendly dialog boxes from she rc x11-common 1:7.4~5ubuntu1 X Window System (X.Org) infrastructure ii xkb-data 1.3-2ubuntu5 X Keyboard Extension (XKB) configuration dat ii zlib1g 1:1.2.3.3.dfsg compression library - runtime
// Disk usage
root@debian:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on rootfs 507M 148M 360M 30% / tmpfs 252M 0 252M 0% /lib/init/rw varrun 252M 36K 252M 1% /var/run varlock 252M 0 252M 0% /var/lock udev 252M 8.0K 252M 1% /dev tmpfs 252M 0 252M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 252M 0 252M 0% /var/cache/apt root@debian:~# mount rootfs on / type rootfs (rw) tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) /proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) varrun on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) varlock on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,mode=1777) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /var/cache/apt type tmpfs (rw,noatime)
// top
top - 02:28:18 up 2:24, 1 user, load average: 0.22, 0.15, 0.10
Tasks: 34 total, 1 running, 33 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 515636k total, 30784k used, 484852k free, 0k buffers
Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 13104k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 18 0 2896 1896 576 S 0.0 0.4 0:51.94 init
2 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd
3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/0
4 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/0
5 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 khelper
50 root 16 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/0
53 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khubd
55 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 kmmcd
69 root 25 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 crypto
70 root 25 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 crypto_ret
75 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pdflush
76 root 15 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.86 pdflush
77 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kswapd0
78 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/0
215 root 11 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 mtdblockd
216 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 nftld
239 root 11 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kcryptd/0
預設的 UBoot 版本
U-Boot 1.1.4 (Mar 19 2009 - 16:06:59) Marvell version: 3.4.16
NOTE:
預設的 UBoot 版本不支援 SDHC 開機，必須先進行 UBoot 的升級，請參閱
F.A.Q
不小心搞亂了 U-Boot 的設定，現在連 NAND 的 Ubuntu 都無法開機了？
Ans : 重開機進入 U-Boot 模式，按以下操作：
Marvell>> resetenv Marvell>> setenv bootcmd 'nand read.e 0x800000 0x100000 0x400000; bootm 0x800000' Marvell>> setenv bootargs console=ttyS0,115200 mtdparts=nand_mtd:0x400000@0x100000(uImage),0x1fb00000@0x500000(rootfs) rw root=/dev/mtdblock1 rw Marvell>> saveenv Marvell>> reset
依照 PlugPBX 教學設定 SDHC Boot，但始終出現錯誤訊息：
USB 0: host mode PEX 0: interface detected no Link. Net: egiga0 [PRIME], egiga1 Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 SDHC found. Card desciption is: Manufacturer: 0x1b, OEM "SM" Product name: "00000", revision 1.0 Serial number: 1909810478 Manufacturing date: 9/2010 CRC: 0x00, b0 = 0 Failed to mount ext2 filesystem... ** Bad ext2 partition or disk - mmc 0:1 ** Failed to mount ext2 filesystem... ** Bad ext2 partition or disk - mmc 0:1 ** ## Booting image at 00800000 ... Bad Magic Number
Ans: 請改用 win32diskimager 將 image 寫入 SDHC，下載連結 https://launchpad.net/win32-image-writer。
使用 SDHC boot 時，出現錯誤訊息
Powered by MindTouch Core