# Phrases 3

- A website <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">is producing service errors</span> when loading certain pages.
- so it might make sense to figure out <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">what changed</span> between <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">what it was working correctly</span> and <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">when it started to fail</span>. 因此，找出從正常運作到開始失效之間的變化，可能會很有幫助
- but it's at least a <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">clue</span> that whatever's happening is related to some other service in the overall system 但它至少提供了一個線索，說明正在發生的事情與整個系統中的某些其他服務有關
- the application <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">to finish</span> with an error <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">saying</span> unable to connect to the database server. 程式結束時有一個無法連線資料庫的錯誤
- if an internal server error <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">appears</span>, it is important to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">determine</span> what and where the error is, correct it, and understand <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">why it occurred</span> to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">avoid the same type of error</span> in the future.
- So when you report a bug make sure you include <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">as much information as possible</span>
- It could be that we're dealing with <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">proprietary software</span> and the source code isn't available at all 這可能是因為我們所處理的是專屬軟體，而且完全無法取得原始碼
- It is important to have <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">a reproduction case</span> for a problem that we're trying to solve. 對於我們要解決的問題，有一個重現的案例是很重要的
- If the application <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">used to work</span> fine and recently <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">started crashing</span>. It's useful to look into what <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">changed in between</span>. 如果應用程式原本運作正常，但最近開始當機。研究一下這中間做了什麼改變是很有用的
- we can <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">search for it online</span> to try to figure out its meaning. 我們可以上網搜尋，嘗試找出其意義
- checking if the crashes still <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">occur</span>
- some hardware component is <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">at fault</span> 出問題
- reinstalling the application and running it with the default configuration still <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">leads to</span> random crashes 仍然造成隨機當掉
- <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">As a first step</span>, you <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">tried looking at</span> the logs <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">to see if</span> there's any error that <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">may point to </span>what's happening, but you only find <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">an error saying</span> application terminated and <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">no useful information</span> 第一步，您嘗試查看日誌，看看是否有任何錯誤可以指出發生了什麼事，但您只發現應用程式已終止的錯誤，而沒有任何有用的資訊
- A user <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">asks for</span> your <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">help with</span> a problem on their computer. When you ask for details, the user tells you that the internal billing application crashed <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">while</span> they were trying to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">generate</span> an invoice for a customer
- As usual, 一如往常
- We'll also <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">dive into</span> how to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">document</span> a problem and its solutions, and how to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">learn from</span> our <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">mistakes</span> by writing <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">postmortems</span> 我們還會深入探討如何記錄問題及其解決方案，以及如何透過撰寫事後報告從錯誤中學習
- we'll learn <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">a bunch of </span>different <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">techniques</span> that we can use to understand the root causes and how to fix them, or at least <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">lessen the damage</span> when fixing is not possible 至少減小損害
- <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">There could be</span> a bug in <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">some part of</span> the code, which does an <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">unsupported</span> operation
- The program was starting a bunch of threads but never closing them, so it <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">eventually</span> ran out of memory and crashed.
- So while <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">no data</span> was actually <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">lost</span>, the <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">reoccurring</span> crashes were <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">increasing</span> the average time to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">process</span> the data 因此，雖然實際上沒有遺失任何資料，但重複發生的當機情況卻增加了處理資料的平均時間
- This program <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">parsed</span> logs to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">generate</span> alerts when it found <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">suspicious</span> events 當發現可疑事件時，此程式會解析日誌以產生警示
- programs that terminate with <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">uncaught exceptions</span>, systems that <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">fail to update to</span> the latest version 程式終止時未捕捉到的異常、系統無法更新到最新版本
- A program <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">terminates unexpectedly</span>, a device reboots for <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">no apparent reason</span>, the operating system hangs and we lose all our <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">unsaved work</span> 程式意外終止、裝置無故重新開機、作業系統當機，我們失去所有未儲存的工作
- Once <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">you're done writing</span> the Python script,
- hopefully you're starting to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">feel</span> even more <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">confident</span> <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">in</span> your skills and abilities
- so I <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">decided</span> to spend more time <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">tweaking</span> the code to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">make</span> the migration <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">go faster</span> 所以我決定花更多時間調整程式碼，讓轉移過程更快
- In this case, you'll <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">definitely</span> want to split your execution across processors
- we should <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">double-check</span> if the copy is really needed
- We <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">see</span> that there's <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">a bunch of</span> ffmpeg processes running, which are basically using <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">all the available CPU</span> 我們看到有一堆 ffmpeg 進程正在執行，基本上這些使用了所有可用的 CPU
- It seems that <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">something is going on</span> with the web server and we need to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">investigate further</span> 似乎網頁伺服器發生了什麼事，我們需要進一步調查
- there are too many applications <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">configured to</span> start <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">on boot</span>
- address ; deal with ; take care of 解決;涉及; 處理 
    - The general <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">strategy</span> for <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">addressing</span> slowness is to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">identify the bottleneck</span> in our device, our script, or our system to run slowly 解決緩慢問題的一般策略是找出我們的裝置、腳本或系統運行緩慢的瓶頸所在
    - The operating system also <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">takes care of</span> some caching for us 作業系統也會為我們進行一些快取處理
    - <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">Dealing with</span> <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">Intermittent Issues</span> : Have you ever tried to solve a problem that happened only <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">occasionally</span>? 處裡間歇性問題: 您曾經嘗試解決只偶爾發生的問題嗎
- We need to really <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">study</span> each <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">problem</span> to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">get to</span> the root cause of the <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">slowness</span>
- we’ll have to upgrade the <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">underlying</span> hardware 我們必須升級底層硬體
- If we've closed <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">everything</span> that <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">wasn't</span> needed and the computer is still slow, we need to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">look into</span> other possible reasons
- But <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">eventually</span>, you'll <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">run out of</span> memory and everything will <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">slow down</span> 但最終會耗盡記憶體，所有東西都會變慢
- But if you keep opening tabs, <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">at some point</span> your computer will become <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">sluggish</span> 但是，如果您不斷開啟標籤頁，在某個時間點，您的電腦就會變得卡鈍
- ignoring upper vs lower case and <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">punctuation</span> 忽略大小寫與標點符號
- We've also talked about problems that <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">go away on their own</span> and then <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">pop up</span> again 我們還談過問題會自己消失，然後又會再冒出來
- So we've <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">looked at</span> a few ways of <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">getting to the root cause</span> of a problem 因此，我們看了幾種找出問題根源的方法
- If a problem <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">goes away</span> by turning it off and on again, there's <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">almost certainly</span> a bug in the software 如果關機再開機，問題就會消失，那麼幾乎可以肯定是軟體出了問題
- It can <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">take some time</span> to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">get the setup</span> 這可能需要一些時間來進行設定
- we have to try our code in <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">a newly installed machine</span> 先安裝的機器
- <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">Whenever possible</span>, we should check our <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">hypothesis</span> in a test environment, instead of the production environment that our users are working with 只要有可能，我們就應該在測試環境中檢查我們的假設，而不是在使用者正在使用的生產環境中
- <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">looking at </span>the documentation of the applications <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">involved</span>
- <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">Searching online for</span> the error messages that we get 在網路上搜尋我們得到的錯誤訊息
- how do we <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">go about</span> finding the <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">actual root cause</span> of the problem? 我們該如何找出問題的真正根源
- when trying to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">create a reproduction case</span>, we want to find the <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">actions</span> that reproduce the issue 當嘗試建立重現案例時，我們希望找到重現問題的動作
- you'll find an error message that will help you understand <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">what's going on</span> 您會發現一則錯誤訊息，這可協助您瞭解發生了什麼事
- <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">There could be</span> a bunch of reasons <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">why this could happen</span>. It <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">could be problems with</span> the network routing, old config files interfering with a new version of the program, a permissions problem 發生這種情況的原因有很多。可能是網路路由有問題、舊的組態檔與新版本的程式有干擾、權限有問題
- we <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">want to</span> consider the simplest <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">explanations</span> first and avoid jumping into <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">complex</span> or <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">time-consuming</span> solutions unless we really have to 我們希望先考慮最簡單的說明，避免跳進複雜或耗時的解決方案，除非我們真的必須這樣做
- we <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">first check</span> if it's <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">correctly plugged in</span> and that there's <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">electricity</span> coming from <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">the plug</span> before <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">taking it apart</span> or replacing it with a new device 在拆卸或更換新裝置之前，我們首先要檢查插頭是否正確插入，以及插頭是否有電流輸出
- There are some common questions that we can ask a user that simply report something doesn't work 
    - What happen when you open the app?
    - What were you trying to do?
    - What steps did you follow?
    - What was the expected result?
    - What was the actual result?
- you check if you can <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">reproduce</span> the issue <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">on your own computer</span>.
- what about the documentation we should <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">note</span> that this version of the software <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">won't start</span> if that directory doesn't exist 關於文件，我們應該紀錄，如果該目錄不存在，此版本的軟體將無法啟動
- to see if we find anything <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">suspicious</span>. 看看我們是否找到任何可疑的東西
- remediation; remediate 修補;矯正 
    - Depending on the problem, this might include an immediate <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">remediation</span> to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">get</span> the system <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">back to health</span>, and then a <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">medium</span> or <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">long-term</span> remediation to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">avoid</span> the problem in the future 視問題而定，這可能包括立即進行修復，使系統恢復健康，然後進行中期或長期修復，以避免日後發生問題
    - Now, we can go ahead and <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">remediate</span> the issue 現在，我們可以繼續補救這個問題
- You'll want to know things like <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">when it happened</span>, <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">what the user was doing when it happened</span>, and <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">how regularly it's happening</span>
- the problem could be <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">a hardware issue</span>, <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">a software issue</span>, or even <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">a configuration issue</span>. So the first thing to do is <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">to get more information</span>
- Before we <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">jump in</span>, <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">I'd love</span> to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">take a quick moment</span> to share why I'm so <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">excited</span> to be here with you <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">taking part in</span> this program 在我們開始之前，我想花一點時間分享一下，為什麼我這麼興奮能在這裡與您一起參與這個計畫
- We'll talk about problems that can <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">affect</span> any operating system
- <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">Throughout</span> this course, we'll <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">look at</span> a bunch of different <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">strategies</span> and <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">approaches</span> for <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">tackling problems</span> like those 在整個課程中，我們將探討各種不同的策略和方法，以解決這些問題
- Sometimes, you might need to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">figure out</span> why a program isn't <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">doing what it's supposed to</span>. Maybe it's crashing <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">unexpectedly</span> or <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">getting stuck</span> when it should be processing information 有時候，您可能需要弄清楚為什麼程式無法執行它應該執行的功能。也許它意外當機，或是在應該處理資訊時卡住了
- various; many different flavors of 各種各樣 
    - Need a system administrator to handle <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">various</span> issues that come up on my system. (需要一位系統管理員來處理各種發生在我的系統的問題)
    - In your IT career, you'll come across <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">many different flavors of</span> technical problems 各種各樣
- If the service <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">encounters</span> a problem, it <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">logs</span> an error message <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">to</span> the syslog, indicating <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">what was wrong</span> and the username that <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">triggered</span> the action that <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">caused</span> the problem 如果服務遇到問題，它會將錯誤訊息記錄到系統日誌中，指出錯誤的原因以及觸發導致問題的動作的使用者名稱
- you'll <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">write</span> some <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">automation scripts</span> that will <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">process the system log</span> and <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">generate</span> a bunch of reports <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">based on</span> the information <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">extracted from</span> log files 您將撰寫一些自動化腳本，以處理系統日誌，並根據從日誌檔案擷取的資訊產生大量報告
- Developers of the service are <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">asking for your help</span> with getting some information <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">out of those logs</span>, <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">to better understand</span> how the software <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">is being used</span> and how to improve it 該服務的開發人員請求您協助從這些日誌中取得一些資訊，以便更好地瞭解軟體的使用情況以及如何進行改進
- So it's valuable that we <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">spent some time looking into</span> what resources exist to help us solve our problem 因此，我們花了一些時間研究有哪些資源可以幫助我們解決問題，這是非常有價值的
- Remember, we want to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">avoid reinventing the wheel</span>. <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">No matter how tricky and intricate the challenge appears</span>, chances are that others have solved something similar before 請記住，我們要避免重造車輪。無論這項挑戰看起來有多棘手、多複雜，其他人很可能已經解決了類似問題
- <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">figuring out</span> how we can <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">tackle</span> the problem by the tools provided by the Python standard library or by external modules 找出如何利用 Python 標準函式庫提供的工具或外部模組來解決問題
- <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">spelling out</span> what needs to be done and <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">identifying what the given inputs and desired outputs are for</span> that program that we need to write. 詳細說明需要做什麼，並確定我們需要編寫的程式的給定輸入和期望輸出
- Linux is the primary OS that I use in my <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">day-to-day</span> job as a system administrator.
- In our specific case, returning the original value <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">makes sense</span> when we can't rearrange it 在特定情況下，當我們無法重新排列時，回傳原始值是合理的
- By running Unit Tests, developers can <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">identify</span> and fix any bugs that <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">appear</span> 透過執行單元測試，開發人員可以識別並修復任何出現的錯誤
- when the results don't match the <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">expectations</span>, the code will <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">raise</span> an error 當結果不符合預期，程式碼會出現錯誤
- Tests can <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">help make</span> good code <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">great</span>. 測試可以讓好的程式碼變得更好
- <div aria-label="play video from One of the tasks that programmers had to do when writing code is test it to make" class="rc-Phrase css-13o25cb" data-cue="1" data-cue-index="0" role="button"><span aria-hidden="true" class=" css-4s48ix">make </span><span aria-hidden="true" class=" css-4s48ix">sure that it <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">behaves the way that they expected to</span>. 確保其表現符合預期</span></div>
- You want to make sure that when you run a program, it <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">behaves the way that it should</span> 您要確保當您執行程式時，它表現應該有的行為方式
- it's <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">harder to</span> really <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">be confident</span> that the code will <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">do what it's supposed to</span> 更難確信程式碼會達到預期的效果
- we'll do a <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">quick rundown</span> of the many concepts around testing 我們將對測試的許多概念做一個快速的介紹
- Log files contain a lot of <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">useful</span> information, <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">particularly</span> when you're trying to debug a <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">tricky</span> problem that's <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">happening on</span> a computer 日誌檔案包含許多有用的資訊，尤其是當您試圖除錯電腦上發生的棘手問題時
- <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">To be able to</span> process the output of commands, we'll <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">set a parameter</span> called capture output
- This can<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);"> be handy</span> <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">for</span> system commands 這對於系統指令來說很方便
- Software testing is a process of evaluating computer code to determine <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">whether or not</span> it does <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">what you expect it to do</span> 軟體測試是一個評估電腦程式碼的過程，以確定(判斷)程式碼是否達到您所期望的功能
- if we just want to run a command and only care about <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">whether or not</span> it was successful. 如果我們只想執行指令，而只關心指令是否成功執行
- which means that our script <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">has no control over</span> it 這表示我們的腳本無法控制它
- helping us create a custom vision-language model <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">tailored to</span> our specific tasks. 幫助我們建立專為特定任務量身打造的客製化視覺語言模型
- These are parameters that are <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">passed to</span> a program when it started. 這些是程式啟動時傳給程式的參數
- Another <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">common way of </span>providing information to our programs <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">is through</span> command line <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">arguments</span> 為程式提供資訊的另一種常見方式是透過命令列參數
- The <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">most commonly</span> used shell on Linux is called bash. Linux 上最常用的 shell 叫做 bash
- You are allowed to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">refer to</span> your completed lab notes during the quiz 您可以在測驗時參考已完成的實驗筆記
- Please note that there is a <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">graded quiz</span> that <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">follows</span> this lab. You must complete the lab before attempting the quiz. The quiz will <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">assess</span> your <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">comprehension</span> of the key concepts and procedures covered in the lab 請注意，本實驗後還有一個分級測驗。您必須先完成實驗，才能參加小測驗。測驗將評估您對本實驗所涵蓋的主要概念和程序的理解程度
- <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">Wildcard</span>: A character that can match more than one character
- <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">Applicable</span> from November 28 to December 5, 2024, 11:59 PM (UTC +0) 適用於 2024/11/28...
- <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">Not applicable to</span> services that have been doubled before. 不適用於之前已加倍的服務
- This module includes a bunch of different functions that can help <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">manipulate</span> strings 這個模組包含了一堆不同的函式，可以幫助操控字串
- reserved characters 保留字元
- But <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">thankfully</span>, the <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">principles</span> are always the same 但值得慶幸的是，原則總是相同的
- Implementation 實現; 建置; 施作; 實作; 執行
- a bunch of; a ton of; plenty of 許多; 多種; 很多 
    - There are <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">plenty of</span> others you'll be using soon 您很快就會用到許多其他的
    - Data can be provided to a computer in <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">a bunch of</span> different ways 資料可以多種方式提供給電腦
    - There's <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">a ton of</span> things that you can do with Python 您可以用 Python 做很多事情
    - there's <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">a broad range of</span> tools that <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">incorporate</span> regular expressions 有多種工具結合了正則表達式
- encounter; come across ; experience 遇到 
    - we’ll provide resources you can access if you <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">encounter</span> any issues you cannot resolve <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">on your own</span>. 如果您遇到任何無法自行解決的問題，我們會提供您可以存取的資源
    - we’ll give you the tools to solve real world problems that you might <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">come across</span> in your IT role 我們會提供您工具，讓您解決在 IT 職務中可能遇到的實際問題
    - A user is <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">experiencing</span> strange behavior from their compute
- allowing you to use both Linux and Windows operating systems <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">as if</span> they were installed on your local machine 讓您同時使用 Linux 和 Windows 作業系統，就像它們安裝在您的本機上一樣
- Qwiklabs is an online lab tool that creates <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">simulated</span> Windows and Linux OS environments Qwiklabs 是線上實驗工具，可建立模擬的 Windows 和 Linux 作業系統環境
- you will use Qwiklabs through Coursera to complete <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">hands-on</span> activities that include writing Python scripts, debugging Python scripts 您將透過 Coursera 使用 Qwiklabs 來完成實作活動，包括編寫 Python 腳本、除錯 Python 腳本
- A lot of programs <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">are capable of</span> exporting data as CSV files 許多程式都能將資料匯出為 CSV 檔案
- Here is the code <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">all together</span>. 以下是全部的程式碼
- We can use the datetime module to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">make it easier</span> for us humans to read 我們可以使用日期模組，讓我們人類更容易讀取
- File paths <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">are most often</span> used to save and load information 檔案路徑最常用於儲存和載入資訊
- You see the potential issues? It's <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">enough to make you growl</span> 您看到潛在的問題了嗎？這足以讓你咆哮
- we get some <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">hands-on practice</span> with all this 我們可以親身體驗這些
- the interpreter <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">raises</span> an error 直譯器將產生錯誤
- absolute path ; relative path 絕對路徑;相對路徑
- Is it <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">worth</span> the time 是否值得花時間
- Without virtual environments, managing these dependencies could become a <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">nightmare</span> 如果沒有虛擬環境，管理這些依賴關係可能會變成一場惡夢
- This term <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">stands for</span> Integrated Development Environment, and usually <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">refers to</span> a code editor 這個詞代表整合開發環境，通常是指程式碼編輯器
- when we run the Python 3 command, we get an <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">interactive interpreter</span>. 當我們執行 Python 3 指令時，我們會得到一個互動式的直譯器
- Interpreted vs. Compiled Languages 直譯式與編譯式程式語言
- In my job as a sysadmin, I <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">mainly wor</span>k with the Linux operating system 在我的系統管理員工作中，我工作主要使用 Linux 作業系統
- You <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">may have also</span> <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">heard of</span> Unix 您可能還聽過 Unix
- We <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">refer to</span> these different <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">flavors</span> of Linux as distributions. 我們稱這些不同風格的 Linux 為發行版
- They <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">are tempted</span> to spend a lot of time trying to solve the problem <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">on their own</span> 他們很想花很多時間嘗試自己解決問題
- To check that our code is doing <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">everything it's supposed to do</span> 要檢查我們的程式碼是否做了所有該做的事
- In this <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">scenario</span>, it <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">makes sense</span> to use <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">a set</span> to store the current users 在這種情況下，使用集合來儲存目前的使用者是合理的
- I was <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">happy with</span> it, the user was happy with it. 我很滿意，使用者也很滿意
- We're gonna <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">dive into</span> <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">object-oriented</span> programming 我們要深入瞭解物件導向程式設計
- It's your call ; It's up to you 由你決定
- we add, remove, or change the elements <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">inside</span> that box 我們新增、移除或變更該方塊內的元素
- it <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">doesn't matter</span> how long each string is on its own. <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">What matters</span> is how many elements the list has 每個字串本身有多長並不重要。重要的是 list 有多少個元素
- indicate ; represent 表示 
    - we use <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">square brackets</span> to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">indicate</span> where the list starts and ends 我們使用方(中)括號來表示清單開始和結束的位置
    - a list of integers <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">representing</span> the size of network packets 代表(表示)網路封包大小的整數清單(列表)
    - The variable device\_id <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">represents</span> a device ID containing <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">alphanumeric</span> characters（表示；字母數字）
- You can <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">think of</span> lists <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">as</span> long boxes 您可以將清單想成長方塊
- <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">make</span> the whole string <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">more readable</span> 使整個字串更易於閱讀
- <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">Heads up</span>, this can <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">get complex</span> fast 注意，這可能會變得很複雜
- They focus on applying AI in <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">practical</span> ways 他們專注於以實際方式應用 AI
- there are a bunch of <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">exercises</span> ahead to help you with that 前面有很多練習可以幫助您做到這一點
- We can use strings to <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">represent</span> a lot of different things. 我們可以使用字串來表示許多不同的事物
- It never <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">let me down</span> 它從未讓我失望