Raspberry Pi
樹莓派是基於Linux的單晶片電腦，由英國樹莓派基金會開發，目的是以低價硬體及自由軟體促進學校的基本電腦科學教育。

Learning
Tutorials 
 
 Create your own custom Raspberry Pi image 
 PiShrink – Make Raspberry Pi Images Smaller 
 Getting Started with Raspberry Pi | Random Nerd Tutorials 
 RaspberryTips – Raspberry Pi projects and tutorials 
 
 Pi Kiosk 
 
 https://github.com/geerlingguy/pi-kiosk   
 
 Hardware 
 Raspberry Pi Laptop 
 
 CrowPi - Rasberry Pi Laptop
 
 [Video] This New Raspberry Pi Laptop Is Actually Pretty Good, CrowPi L Hands On 
 
 
 Argon One Up 
 
 Argon 40 推出 One Up 具有 GPIO 端子的筆記型電腦套件，利用 Raspberry Pi CM 5 打造 14 吋筆電 | T客邦 
 Argon ONE UP: An Open Source ARM Laptop for the Community by Argon Forty — Kickstarter 
 
 
 
 Components 
 
  Case
 
 樹莓派Raspberry Pi4B鋁合金散熱外殼   
 樹莓派4B直條紋鋁合金機殼(內建導熱柱) 
 Is This The Best Raspberry Pi 4 Case? The New Argon One M.2 - Review 
 
 
 DHT22 Sensor
 
 Monitor temperature and humidity with Grafana and Raspberry Pi 
 
 
 NVMe SSD
 
 [Video] FINALLY! NVMe SSDs on the Raspberry Pi 
 
 
 SunFounder
 
 Raspberry Pi Store (sunfounder.com)

Picroft
Introduction 
 Picroft is a ready-made way to run Mycroft on a Raspberry Pi 3, 3B+ or 4 and is provided as a disk image that you can burn to a Micro SD card. 
 Links 
 
 Official Home 
 Youtube Tutorials
 
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M398I6YIleM 
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4luTnRpfgbs   
 
 
 
   
  

Raspberry Pi OS
Installation 
 
 Raspberry Pi Imager 
 
 Ubuntu 22.04 
 sudo apt install rpi-imager 
 
 Create User 
 NOTE: 新版 Raspberry Pi OS 已經移除內建帳號 pi。使用前需要手動先建立帳號。 
 Headless Setup 
 SD Card > Boot partition > File: userconf 
 userconf: 
 alang:<encrypted-password> 
 Generate encrypted password 
 echo 'mypassword' | openssl passwd -6 -stdin 
 CLI 
 # Add user
sudo adduser <username>
sudo usermod -a -G adm,dialout,cdrom,sudo,audio,video,plugdev,games,users,input,netdev,gpio,i2c,spi <username>

# Delete user
sudo deluser -remove-home <username> 
 Enable SSH 
 Default credential is pi / raspberry 
 Headless setup 
 SD Card > Boot partition > File: ssh (an empty file) 
 SSH can be enabled by placing a file named ssh , without any extension, onto the boot partition of the SD Card. 
 Desktop 
 
 Launch Raspberry Pi Configuration from the Preferences menu 
 Navigate to the Interfaces tab 
 Select Enabled next to SSH 
 Click OK 
 
 Option #3: Using the raspi-config 
 
 Enter sudo raspi-config in a terminal window 
 Select Interfacing Options 
 Navigate to and select SSH 
 Choose Yes 
 Select Ok 
 Choose Finish 
 
 Wireless LAN 
 Headless setup 
 SD Card > Boot partition > File: wpa_supplicant.conf 
 wpa_supplicant.conf : 
 country=TW # Your 2-digit country code
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
network={
 ssid="YOUR_NETWORK_NAME"
 psk="YOUR_PASSWORD"
 key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
} 
 CLI 
 rasp-config CLI 
 # Usage: sudo raspi-config nonint do_wifi_ssid_passphrase <ssid> <passphrase> [hidden] [plain]
sudo raspi-config nonint do_wifi_ssid_passphrase myssid 'mypassphrase' 0 0 # Visible SSID, passphrase quoted 
 nmcli 
 nmcli dev wifi list
sudo nmcli dev wifi connect <example_ssid>
sudo nmcli --ask dev wifi connect <example_ssid> hidden yes 
   
 Python 
 Install pip 
 sudo apt install python3-pip
pip --version
sudo pip install --upgrade pip 
 雖然 pip 可以成功安裝，不過要繼續安裝 3rd-party 套件時，會遇到以下錯誤。 
 
 error: externally-managed-environment 
× This environment is externally managed ╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install     python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to     install.   

     If you wish to install a non-Debian-packaged Python package,     create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.     Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip. Make     sure you have python3-full installed.   

     For more information visit http://rptl.io/venv 
 新版 Raspberry Pi OS 已經不允許直接安裝 3rd-party 套件；而是必須在 python 虛擬環境才能安裝套件。 
 建立 python 虛擬環境 
 # 以下指令在 user 帳號下執行，例如 pi
mkdir myproject
cd myproject
python -m venv env
source env/bin/activate
which python
# 記得先升級 pip 至最新版
pip install --upgrade pip
# 開始安裝套件
pip install paho-mqtt
# 檢視已安裝套件
pip list 
 要執行 python 程式時，開頭宣告指向虛擬環境的 python，可以避免需要手動進入 python venv。 
 #!<path-to-venv>/bin/python

PiShrink
Dumping existing image 
 Install cockit on Raspberry Pi 
 sudo apt install cockpit 
 Shutdown Raspberry PI, take out the SD card, and connect it to your PC. 
 The boot - and  rootfs -partitions were automatically mounted at the mentioned mount points. Before you proceed, unmount them with : 
 umount /dev/mmcblk0p1
umount /dev/mmcblk0p2 
 Now we copy the contents of the SD card to our file system. 
 sudo dd if=/dev/mmcblk0 of=/home/alang/worktmp/PiShrink/my_rasp.v2.img bs=32M 
 Download the PiShrink 
 https://github.com/Drewsif/PiShrink  
 Now invoke the script by typing: 
 sudo ./pishrink.sh my_rasp.v2.img 
 Flash the image to the SD card 
 
 BalenaEtcher 
 SD Cards and Writing Images 
 
   
   
   
  

Xiaomi Mijia Temperature and Humidity Sensor
硬體規格 
 
 名稱：小米藍芽溫溼度計 
 型號：LYWSD03MMC 
 
 Raspberry Pi OS 
 藍芽 
 不需要與溫濕度計做配對，就可以直接讀資料。 
 bluetoothctl
> scan on
> devices
> scan off
> exit 
 安裝 Python module 
 NOTE: 新版 Pi OS 只允許在 Python venv 環境下用 pip 安裝第三方套件。 
 # 以下指令必須用 user 帳號下執行 (non-root)
mkdir mitemp
cd mitemp
python -m venv env
source env/bin/activate
which python
# 記得先升級 pip 至最新版
pip install --upgrade pip
# 開始安裝套件
sudo apt install libglib2.0-dev
pip install bluepy
pip install lywsd03mmc
pip install paho-mqtt 
 錯誤：ERROR: Could not build wheels for bluepy, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects 
 解決： 
 sudo apt install libglib2.0-dev 
 Telegraf 
 Option 1: Python script 
 建立設定檔 
 mv /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf.orig
telegraf --input-filter exec --output-filter influxdb_v2 config > /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf 
 telegraf.conf 
 [[outputs.influxdb_v2]]
 urls = ["http://127.0.0.1:8086"]

 ## Token for authentication.
 token = "YOUR-TOKEN"
 ## Organization is the name of the organization you wish to write to.
 organization = "YOUR-ORAG"
 ## Destination bucket to write into.
 bucket = "YOUR-BUCKET"

 ## Timeout for HTTP messages.
 timeout = "5s"

[[inputs.exec]]
 interval = "180s"
 commands = ["sudo -u pi /home/pi/mitemp/env/bin/python /home/pi/mitemp/go-mitemp.py"]

 ## Timeout for each command to complete.
 timeout = "30s"

 ## Data format to consume.
 ## Each data format has its own unique set of configuration options, read
 ## more about them here:
 ## https://github.com/influxdata/telegraf/blob/master/docs/DATA_FORMATS_INPUT.md
 data_format = "influx" 
 Test the configuration 
 telegraf -config /etc/telegraf/telegraf -test 
 Set the sudo for telegraf 
 NOTE: Pi OS 的 telegraf 服務是用 non-root 帳號啟動，如果要執行另一個帳號的 script，必須使用 sudo。 
 Edit: /etc/sudoers.d/011_telegraf-nopasswd 
 telegraf ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /home/pi/mitemp/env/bin/python /home/pi/mitemp/go-mitemp.py 
 
 Option 2: MQTT Consumer 
 
 Plugin: telegraf/plugins/inputs/mqtt_consumer/README.md at release-1.29 · influxdata/telegraf (github.com) 
 MQTT Broker 伺服器 Mosquitto 安裝、帳號密碼、加密傳輸設定教學與範例 - Office 指南 
 
 Tutorials 
 
 pip: LYWSD03MMC 
 制霸 IoT 30Day！ Day 18 藍芽溫濕度計使用 
 Xiaomi Mijia Hygrothermo v2 sensor data on Raspberry Pi 
 Custom firmware for the Xiaomi Thermometer LYWSD03MMC 
 Home Asssistant Xiaomi Mijia LYWSD03MMC Temperature and Humidity Sensor Tutorial September 2022 
 Xiaomi Mijia Temperature, and Humidity Dashboard 
 How to Use Bluetooth on Raspberry Pi: GUI & Command Guide – RaspberryTips

Monitoring
Tutorials  
 Telegraf + InfluxDB + Grafana 
 
 TheMickeyMike/raspberrypi-temperature-telegraf: Collect RaspberryPi CPU and GPU temperature with telegraf (github.com) 
 Raspberry Pi Monitoring | Grafana Labs 
 System monitoring | Nelis Oostens 
 Simple Pi Stats | Grafana Labs 
 Telegraf / Raspberry Metrics InfluxDB 2.0 (Flux) | Grafana Labs 
 Telegraf: system PI dashboard | Grafana Labs 
 使用 vcgencmd 指令查看 Raspberry Pi 的 CPU 溫度、運行速度與電壓等資訊 - G. T. Wang 
 
 Telegraf + InfluxDB 
 
 Monitoring Your Raspberry Pi System using InfluxDB Telegraf | Random Nerd Tutorials 
 
 Dashboard ID 17191 
 
 Link: Telegraf / Raspberry Metrics InfluxDB 2.0 (Flux) | Grafana Labs 
 Dependencies: InfluxDB v2, Flux Language, Telegraf 
 
 telegraf.conf: 
 [[outputs.influxdb_v2]]
 ## The URLs of the InfluxDB cluster nodes.
 ##
 ## Multiple URLs can be specified for a single cluster, only ONE of the
 ## urls will be written to each interval.
 ## ex: urls = ["https://us-west-2-1.aws.cloud2.influxdata.com"]
 urls = ["http://your.influxdb.server:8086"]

 ## Token for authentication.
 token = "THIS-IS-TOKEN"

 ## Organization is the name of the organization you wish to write to.
 organization = "YOUR-ORG"

 ## Destination bucket to write into.
 bucket = "YOUR-BUCKET" 
 [[inputs.net]]
[[inputs.netstat]]
[[inputs.file]]
 files = ["/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp"]
 name_override = "cpu_temperature"
 data_format = "value"
 data_type = "integer"
[[inputs.exec]]
#Für ein 32bit System (welches überwacht werden soll)
 commands = ["/usr/bin/vcgencmd measure_temp"] 
#oder für ein 64bit System (welches überwacht werden soll), dann die Raute(#) entfernen und bei 32bit die Raute hinzufügen
# commands = ["/usr/bin/vcgencmd measure_temp"]
 name_override = "gpu_temperature"
 data_format = "grok"
 grok_patterns = ["%{NUMBER:value:float}"]
# Read metrics about cpu usage
[[inputs.cpu]]
 ## Whether to report per-cpu stats or not
 percpu = true
 ## Whether to report total system cpu stats or not
 totalcpu = true
 ## If true, collect raw CPU time metrics
 collect_cpu_time = false
 ## If true, compute and report the sum of all non-idle CPU states
 report_active = false
 ## If true and the info is available then add core_id and physical_id tags
 core_tags = false
# Read metrics about disk usage by mount point
[[inputs.disk]]
 ## By default stats will be gathered for all mount points.
 ## Set mount_points will restrict the stats to only the specified mount points.
 # mount_points = ["/"]
 ## Ignore mount points by filesystem type.
 ignore_fs = ["tmpfs", "devtmpfs", "devfs", "iso9660", "overlay", "aufs", "squashfs"]
 ## Ignore mount points by mount options.
 ## The 'mount' command reports options of all mounts in parathesis.
 ## Bind mounts can be ignored with the special 'bind' option.
 # ignore_mount_opts = []
# Read metrics about disk IO by device
[[inputs.diskio]]
 ## By default, telegraf will gather stats for all devices including
 ## disk partitions.
 ## Setting devices will restrict the stats to the specified devices.
 # devices = ["sda", "sdb", "vd*"]
 ## Uncomment the following line if you need disk serial numbers.
 # skip_serial_number = false
 #
 ## On systems which support it, device metadata can be added in the form of
 ## tags.
 ## Currently only Linux is supported via udev properties. You can view
 ## available properties for a device by running:
 ## 'udevadm info -q property -n /dev/sda'
 ## Note: Most, but not all, udev properties can be accessed this way. Properties
 ## that are currently inaccessible include DEVTYPE, DEVNAME, and DEVPATH.
 # device_tags = ["ID_FS_TYPE", "ID_FS_USAGE"]
 #
 ## Using the same metadata source as device_tags, you can also customize the
 ## name of the device via templates.
 ## The 'name_templates' parameter is a list of templates to try and apply to
 ## the device. The template may contain variables in the form of '$PROPERTY' or
 ## '${PROPERTY}'. The first template which does not contain any variables not
 ## present for the device is used as the device name tag.
 ## The typical use case is for LVM volumes, to get the VG/LV name instead of
 ## the near-meaningless DM-0 name.
 # name_templates = ["$ID_FS_LABEL","$DM_VG_NAME/$DM_LV_NAME"]
# Get kernel statistics from /proc/stat
[[inputs.kernel]]
 # no configuration
# Read metrics about memory usage
[[inputs.mem]]
 # no configuration
# Get the number of processes and group them by status
[[inputs.processes]]
 # no configuration
# Read metrics about swap memory usage
[[inputs.swap]]
# Read metrics about system load & uptime
[[inputs.system]] 
 Set the sudo 
 sudo usermod -aG video telegraf

Optimization
Disable Desktop Booting 
 raspi-config > 1 System Options > S5 Boot / Auto Login 
 Limit GPU Memeory to 16B 
   raspi-config > 4 Performance Options >  P2 GPU Memory 
 Disable HDMI 
 Edit /etc/rc.local 
 /usr/bin/tvservice -o
exit 0 
 Disable Bluetooth 
 sudo systemctl disable hciuart
systemctl disable bluetooth.service 
 Edit /boot/config.txt 
 dtoverlay=disable-bt 
 Disable Onboard LED 
 Edit /boot/config.txt 
 dtparam=pwr_led_trigger=none
dtparam=pwr_led_activelow=off

dtparam=act_led_trigger=none
dtparam=act_led_activelow=off 
   
  

USB to TTL
Tutorials 
 
 使用 PL2303 HXD USB 轉 TTL 傳輸線，從序列埠登入到 Raspberry Pi B+ - G. T. Wang (gtwang.org) 
 在 Raspberry Pi 4B 上設定 UART 連線 - HackMD 
 Using a USB Serial Adapter (UART) to Help Debug Your Raspberry Pi 
 
 Hardware 
 
 【產品/介紹】PL2303HXD USB 轉 TTL 序列埠傳輸線 - 台灣樹莓派 (piepie.com.tw) 
 PL2303HX USB 轉 TTL 序列傳輸線 – 台灣物聯科技 TaiwanIOT Studio

DietPi
DietPi is a  highly optimised & minimal Debian-based Linux distribution . DietPi is extremely lightweight at its core, and also extremely easy to install and use. 
 Setting up a single board computer (SBC) or even a computer, for both regular or server use, takes time and skill. DietPi provides an  easy way to install and run favourite software you choose . 
 
 https://dietpi.com/   
 What Is DietPi, and Should You Install It on Your Raspberry Pi?