# 管理與操作 查出目前使用哪種 SHELL ```shell ps -p $$ echo $0 echo $SHELL ``` 執行 SHELL 的方式 ```shell sh file . file source file ``` ##### 常用鍵盤快捷鍵
KeyOperation
Ctrl + aGo to the **beginning** of the line.
Ctrl + eGo to the **end** of the line.
Alt + bGo left(**back**) one word.
Alt + fGo right(**forward**) one word.
Alt + .Use the **last word** of the previous command.
Ctrl + r**Search** through the command's history
Ctrl + uCut the part of the line **before** the cursor, adding it to the clipboard.
Ctrl + kCut the part of the line **after** the cursor, adding it to the clipboard.
Ctrl + lClear the screen
Ctrl + w刪除游標前個單字
Ctrl+x,Ctrl+eEdit the current command in your **$EDITOR**.
[![Linux_terminal_shortcuts.jpeg](https://osslab.tw/uploads/images/gallery/2023-04/scaled-1680-/linux-terminal-shortcuts.jpeg)](https://osslab.tw/uploads/images/gallery/2023-04/linux-terminal-shortcuts.jpeg) 執行前一個指令的參數 ``` ls -l /home/alang/test.py vi !$ 或 vi + . ``` 執行前一個指令 ``` !! ``` 搜尋最近曾執行過的指令 ``` + r (reverse-i-search): 輸入指令開頭的前幾個字元 ``` 搜尋所有曾執行過的指令集 ```part $> history | grep "keyword" ``` ##### Alias - 新增客製的指令 以下內容需要編輯 ~/.bashrc \- 使用 alias ```shell # User specific aliases and functions alias date-time='date && cal' ``` \- 使用 function ```shell date-time () { date && cal return } export -f date-time ``` \- 常用 Aliases ```shell # Custom specified aliases alias lastmod="find . -type f -exec stat --format '%Y :%y %n' \"{}\" \; | sort -nr | cut -d: -f2-" alias vi="vim" alias grep="grep --color" ``` ##### Bash Prompt - 客製提示字元 - [Customizing Your Bash Prompt](https://www.notion.so/Customizing-Your-Bash-Prompt-ef312daad923421c859bda89a5dd1792) - [PS1 Customization](http://bashrcgenerator.com/) .bashrc: ```bash # Kali-like Prompt if $(__git_ps1 2>/dev/null);then PS1="\[\033[38;5;209m\]┌──[\[\033[38;5;141m\]\u\[\033[38;5;209m\]@\[\033[38;5;105m\]\h\[\033[38;5;231m\]:\w\[\033[38;5;209m\]]\[\033[33m\]\$(GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=1 GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=1 __git_ps1)\[\033[00m\]\n\[\033[38;5;209m\]└─\\[\033[38;5;209m\]\\$\[\033[37m\] " else source /usr/share/git-core/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh PS1="\[\033[38;5;209m\]┌──[\[\033[38;5;141m\]\u\[\033[38;5;209m\]@\[\033[38;5;105m\]\h\[\033[38;5;231m\]:\w\[\033[38;5;209m\]]\[\033[33m\]\$(GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=1 GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=1 __git_ps1)\[\033[00m\]\n\[\033[38;5;209m\]└─\\[\033[38;5;209m\]\\$\[\033[37m\] " fi ``` ``` ┌──[alang@mint-HX90:~] └─$ ``` ##### Formatting Scripts ```shell # Install shfmt ## On Ubuntu sudo snap install shfmt ## On Alpine Linux sudo apk add shfmt ## On FreeBSD sudo pkg install devel/shfmt # Format shell programs using Shfmt ## -i flag is the amount of spaces that will be used to intend. shfmt -i 4 myscript.sh ## With Diff style output shfmt -d -i 4 myscript.sh ``` ##### 終端機輸出內容轉存一個檔案 - [How to Save the Terminal Output to a File in Linux - Make Tech Easier](https://www.maketecheasier.com/save-output-of-command-to-file-linux/) ```bash # 1. script # Once you are done with the session, type the 'exit'. script my.out # 2. tee myprogram | tee my.out ```