# Proxmox VE

<span>Proxmox </span><span>VE（英語：Proxmox Virtual Environment，通常簡稱為PVE、Proxmox），是一個開源的伺服器虛擬化環境Linux發行版。</span>

# Learning Proxmox

[Proxmox](https://www.proxmox.com/) VE（英語：Proxmox Virtual Environment，通常簡稱為PVE、Proxmox），是一個開源的伺服器虛擬化環境Linux發行版。

#### Getting started

- [Getting Started With Proxmox Backup Server - OSTechNix](https://ostechnix.com/getting-started-with-proxmox-backup-server/)
- [Proxmox Docker Containers Monster - 13000 containers on a single host - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2023/04/proxmox-docker-containers-monster-13000-containers-on-a-single-host/)
- [Getting Started With Proxmox (linuxhandbook.com)](https://linuxhandbook.com/proxmox/)
- [Proxmox Install Beginners Guide - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2024/05/proxmox-install-beginners-guide/)

#### Monitoring

- [Pulse](https://github.com/rcourtman/pulse) - A lightweight monitoring application for Proxmox VE that displays real-time status for VMs and containers via a simple web interface. 
    - [This Free Tool Gives Proxmox the Monitoring Dashboard It Always Needed - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2025/10/this-free-tool-gives-proxmox-the-monitoring-dashboard-it-always-needed/)

#### Proxmox Datacenter Manager

管理多個 PVE nodes (不是叢集軟體)

- [Proxmox Datacenter Manager Beta Documentation - Proxmox VE](https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Proxmox_Datacenter_Manager_Beta_Documentation)
- [Proxmox Datacenter Manager is an underrated tool for your PVE servers](https://www.xda-developers.com/proxmox-datacenter-manager-is-an-underrated-tool/)

#### ProxCenter

類似 vCenter 的管理軟體

- [Is This the vCenter Experience Proxmox Has Been Missing? Meet ProxCenter](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2026/02/is-this-the-vcenter-experience-proxmox-has-been-missing-meet-proxcenter/)

#### HA Cluster

- [High-Availability (HA) Proxmox Clusters: Do’s &amp; Don’ts - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2025/07/high-availability-ha-proxmox-clusters-dos-donts/)
- [I clustered budget-friendly devices into a Proxmox HA lab, and it's more useful than I thought](https://www.xda-developers.com/i-clustered-cheap-devices-into-a-proxmox-ha-lab/)

#### Advanced Tips

- LACP Network 
    - [I Tried LACP in My Proxmox Home Lab and Here’s What Actually Happened - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2026/01/i-tried-lacp-in-my-proxmox-home-lab-and-heres-what-actually-happened/)
- [ClusterShell](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2026/02/clustershell-for-proxmox-ve-is-how-i-manage-every-host-in-my-home-lab-at-once/) - 多 PVE nodes 的管理工具
- [sysctl optimization](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2025/12/12-proxmox-host-tweaks-worth-doing-this-weekend/)
- [5 Proxmox Management Tools I Use in My Home Lab in 2026 - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2026/02/5-proxmox-management-tools-i-use-in-my-home-lab-in-2026/)
- [Proxmox firewall setup and configuration - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2023/03/proxmox-firewall-setup-and-configuration/)
- GPU PassThrough 
    - [Proxmox GPU PassThrough: Step-by-step Guide - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2023/10/proxmox-gpu-passthrough-step-by-step-guide/)
    - [How to Enable GPU Passthrough to LXC Containers in Proxmox - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2025/05/how-to-enable-gpu-passthrough-to-lxc-containers-in-proxmox/)

##### 5 common mistakes

<div id="bkmrk-staying-on-enterpris">1. Staying on Enterprise repositories  
    **You should switch to No-Subscription repos after installing PVE**
2. Not keeping backups  
    **Use vzdump when you’re new; switch to PBS once you become a veteran**
3. Forgetting about documentation tools and monitoring services  
    **They are a godsend for troubleshooting**
4. Running mission-critical virtual guests on your experimentation server  
    **High-availability or standalone nodes: Pick your poison**
5. Clustering when you’re a beginner  
    **Unless you have the hardware and skillset, it’s best to avoid clusters**

</div>#### Ceph Storage

[Ceph](https://ceph.io/) 作為軟體定義的分散式儲存系統，具有高可用性、可平行擴展、無單點失敗、且具有一定自我修復能力等特性。

- [Try Microceph for an Easy Ceph Install - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2024/10/try-microceph-for-an-easy-ceph-install/)
- [I Built a Ceph Erasure-Coded NVMe Cluster in My Home Lab. Here’s What Actually Happened - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2026/01/i-built-a-ceph-erasure-coded-nvme-cluster-in-my-home-lab-heres-what-actually-happened/)
- [I Bought a 10 Gig Switch to Fix My Proxmox Ceph Cluster and It Changed Everything - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2026/02/i-bought-a-10-gig-switch-to-fix-my-proxmox-ceph-cluster-and-it-changed-everything/)
- Jumbo frames: [Cannot connect to host VMware storage Migration - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2024/05/cannot-connect-to-host-vmware-storage-migration/)

#### PECU

PECU - Proxmox Enhanced Configuration Utility

Professional Proxmox VE automation:

- GPU passthrough
- VM templates
- kernel optimization
- enterprise-grade configuration management in one powerful tool.

Tutorials:

- [PECU - Proxmox Enhanced Configuration Utility | GPU Passthrough &amp; VM Templates](https://pecu.tools/)
- [Proxmox Enhanced Configuration Utility is just what I needed for my home lab](https://www.xda-developers.com/proxmox-enhanced-configuration-utility-is-just-what-i-needed-for-my-home-lab/)

#### Proxmox Backup Server

- [A beginner's guide to Proxmox Backup Server](https://www.xda-developers.com/proxmox-backup-server-guide/)

#### Nested Virtualization

內嵌虛擬化 - 在 Promox 的 VM 安裝另一個虛擬平台，例如 Proxmox、VMware ESXi。

一般用途為：

- 軟體開發與測試
- 學習環境
- 舊系統應用

教學：

- [How to Enable Proxmox Nested Virtualization - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2023/12/how-to-enable-proxmox-nested-virtualization/)
- [Home Lab Nested Virtualization E-book Download - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2024/04/home-lab-nested-virtualization-e-book-download/)

#### LXC Container

- [Complete Guide to Proxmox Containers in 2025: Docker VMs, LXC, and New OCI Support - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2025/11/complete-guide-to-proxmox-containers-in-2025-docker-vms-lxc-and-new-oci-support/)

#### PegaProx

The Ultimate Datacenter Management Solution for Proxmox VE

- [PegaProx - The Ultimate Datacenter Management Solution for Proxmox VE](https://pegaprox.com/)
- [This Open Source Project Just Killed the Proxmox GUI! - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnq0Y9mJgXA)

# Post-Install

Tutorials

- YT: [the ULTIMATE Proxmox Guide - Post-Install, ZFS, GPU Passthrough, and more! - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMNS_JoHFhg)
- [Proxmox VE for Beginners Guide with NetBird LXC](https://netbird.io/knowledge-hub/proxmox-getting-started-guide)
- [Proxmox Defaults I Leave Alone (And the Ones I Always Change) - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2025/12/proxmox-defaults-i-leave-alone-and-the-ones-i-always-change/)

#### Repositories

Disable Enterprise Repositories

1. Navigate to *Node &gt; Repositories*. Disable the enterprise repositories.
2. Now click Add and enable the no-subscription repository. Finally, go to *Updates &gt; Refresh*.
3. Upgrade your system by clicking *Upgrade* above the repository settings page.

#### local-lvm

Delete local-lvm and Resize local (read warning)

<p class="callout warning">Warning: This assumes a fresh installation without advanced storage settings during the installation, such as ZFS. These steps are only recommended if you have a small boot drive and you need to reclaim space.</p>

1. Delete local-lvm manually from web interface under *Datacenter &gt; Storage*.
2. Run the following commands within *Node &gt; Shell*.

```bash
lvremove /dev/pve/data
lvresize -l +100%FREE /dev/pve/root
resize2fs /dev/mapper/pve-root
```

#### BIOS

- [AMD Ryzen 9 7945HX BIOS Settings: Power Consumption and Bifurcation - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2025/02/amd-ryzen-9-7945hx-bios-settings-power-consumption-and-bifurcation/)

#### Other Defaults

1. VM CPU Type: Host
2. Memory ballooning configuration: Disable

# FAQ

##### 安裝後無法正常開機

> VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)

Solution: 不要使用 [Ventoy](https://www.ventoy.net/en/index.html) 方式安裝，改用 ISO 檔直接寫入 USB 方式。

##### 系統突然不能正常開機

開機程序停在這個畫面

> Loading Linux 6.17.13 ...  
> Loading initial ramdisk ...

原因：開機前可能有改過 kernel 的開機參數，不小心導致無法開機。

解決：

1. 使用 PVE ISO USB 開機
2. 進入 Advanced Options ➜ Rescue Boot
3. 修改 GRUB 開機參數 `/etc/default/grub`

```
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5  # 0 改成 5, 方便以後管理
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet amd_iommu=on iommu=pt"  # 移除有問題的參數
```

套用變更

```bash
update-grub
reboot
```

# GPU PassThrough

Tutorials

- [Proxmox GPU PassThrough: Step-by-step Guide - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2023/10/proxmox-gpu-passthrough-step-by-step-guide/)
- [How to Enable GPU Passthrough to LXC Containers in Proxmox - Virtualization Howto](https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2025/05/how-to-enable-gpu-passthrough-to-lxc-containers-in-proxmox/)
- [PCI Passthrough - Proxmox VE](https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/PCI_Passthrough#GPU_passthrough)
- YT: [Proxmox GPU Passthrough for Bazzite Gaming - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PT1Hukf18C8)

#### Enable IOMMU

##### BIOS

##### proxmox

Node &gt; Shell &gt; Edit: /etc/default/grub

```
# Should look like this
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet amd_iommu=on"
```

Run the command

```bash
update-grub
```