Fail2ban Setup

內建白名單

方法一：修改設定

 /etc/fail2an/jail.conf

# "ignoreip" can be a list of IP addresses, CIDR masks or DNS hosts. Fail2ban
# will not ban a host which matches an address in this list. Several addresses
# can be defined using space (and/or comma) separator.
ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 ::1 192.168.9.0/24 192.168.31.0/24

方法二：指令模式

 fail2ban-client

# set <JAIL> addignoreip <IP>
# set <JAIL> delignoreip <IP>
fail2ban-client set sshd addignoreip 123.123.123.123
fail2ban-client set sshd delignoreip 123.123.123.123

驗證結果

fail2ban-client get <JAIL> ignoreip
fail2ban-client get asterisk ignoreip
fail2ban-client get sshd ignoreip

黑名單功能客製

• Persistent Banning of IP Addresses with Fail2Ban
• Fail2Ban Blacklist JAIL for Repeat Offenders

使用方法：

• 新增要封鎖的 IP：fail2ban-client set blacklist banip xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 
• 解除已封鎖的 IP：fail2ban-client set blacklist unbanip xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

設定步驟：

/etc/fail2ban/filter.d/blacklist.conf :

# /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/blacklist.conf
# Fail2Ban Blacklist for Repeat Offenders (filter.d)

[INCLUDES]

# Read common prefixes. If any customizations available -- read them from
# common.local
before = common.conf

[Definition] 
# The name of the jail that this filter is used for. In jail.conf, name the 
# jail using this filter 'blacklist', or change this line!
_jailname = blacklist

failregex = 
ignoreregex = 

/etc/fail2ban/action.d/blacklist.conf :

# /etc/fail2ban/action.d/blacklist.conf
# Fail2Ban Blacklist for Repeat Offenders (action.d)

[INCLUDES]


[Definition]
# Option:  actionstart
# Notes.:  command executed once at the start of Fail2Ban.
# Values:  CMD
#

actionstart = iptables -N f2b-<name>
              iptables -A f2b-<name> -j RETURN
              iptables -I <chain> -j f2b-<name>
              # Sort and Check for Duplicate IPs in our text file and Remove Them
              sort -u /etc/fail2ban/ip.blacklist -o /etc/fail2ban/ip.blacklist
              # Persistent banning of IPs reading from our ip.blacklist text file
              # and adding them to IPTables on our jail startup command
              cat /etc/fail2ban/ip.blacklist | while read IP; do iptables -I f2b-<name> 1 -s $IP -j DROP; done
              
# Option:  actionstop
# Notes.:  command executed once at the end of Fail2Ban
# Values:  CMD
#

actionstop = iptables -D <chain> -j f2b-<name>
             iptables -F f2b-<name>
             iptables -X f2b-<name>

# Option:  actioncheck
# Notes.:  command executed once before each actionban command
# Values:  CMD
#

actioncheck = iptables -n -L <chain> | grep -q 'f2b-<name>[ \t]'

# Option:  actionban
# Notes.:  command executed when banning an IP. Take care that the
#          command is executed with Fail2Ban user rights.
# Tags:    See jail.conf(5) man page
# Values:  CMD
#

actionban = iptables -I f2b-<name> 1 -s <ip> -j DROP
          # Add the new IP ban to our ip.blacklist file
          echo '<ip>' >> /etc/fail2ban/ip.blacklist
# I don't want reporting on any badboys service
# curl http://www.badips.com/add/badbots/<ip>/

# Option:  actionunban
# Notes.:  command executed when unbanning an IP. Take care that the
#          command is executed with Fail2Ban user rights.
# Tags:    See jail.conf(5) man page
# Values:  CMD
#
actionunban = iptables -D f2b-<name> -s <ip> -j DROP
            # Remove IP from our ip.blacklist file
            sed -i -e '/<ip>/d' /etc/fail2ban/ip.blacklist

[Init]
# Chain to insert the f2b-<name> jump rule into
chain = INPUT

/etc/fail2ban/jail.d/blacklist.conf :

• bantime 與 findtime 可以依需要做調整，單位：秒

# Usage: 
# Add a bad IP - fail2ban-client set blacklist banip xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
# Remove an IP - fail2ban-client set blacklist unbanip xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

[blacklist]
enabled   = true
banaction = blacklist
bantime   = 2592000   ; 1 month
findtime  = 2592000   ; 1 month

DROP vs REJECT

參數語法：

• DROP: -j DROP 
• REJECT: -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable 

適用場景：