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InfluxDB

Installation

Install Influx DB

# Red Hat/CentOS/Fedora
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/influxdata.repo
[influxdata]
name = InfluxData Repository - Stable
baseurl = https://repos.influxdata.com/stable/\$basearch/main
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 1
gpgkey = https://repos.influxdata.com/influxdata-archive_compat.key
EOF

yum install influxdb2
# With Docker
# --reporting-disabled 停用回傳使用報告
mkdir data

docker run \
    --name influxdb \
    -p 8086:8086 \
    --volume $PWD/data:/var/lib/influxdb2 \
    influxdb:2.7.4 --reporting-disabled

Install Influx CLI

從 InfluxDB 2.1 開始，influx CLI 與 influxDB 分開安裝與開發。

Download: Install and use the influx CLI | InfluxDB OSS 2.7 Documentation (influxdata.com)

# amd64
wget https://dl.influxdata.com/influxdb/releases/influxdb2-client-2.7.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvzf path/to/influxdb2-client-2.7.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv influx /usr/local/bin/

Start the service

systemctl start influxdb
systemctl status influxdb
systemctl enable influxdb

Set up and initialize DB (v2.7+)

  1. Visit localhost:8086 in a browser
  2. Create a user, bucket and organization names.
    • Initial username
    • Password
    • Initial organization name
    • Initial bucket name
  3. The API Tokens  will be generated.
  4. Copy the generated token and store it for safe keeping.

InfluxDB configuration

file: /etc/influxdb/config.{toml,yaml,yml,json}

# View the server configurations
influx server-config

config.toml:

  • /var/lib/influxdb/engine 資料儲存目錄
bolt-path = "/var/lib/influxdb/influxd.bolt"
engine-path = "/var/lib/influxdb/engine"

Optional: With Docker

docker exec -it influxdb influx config create --config-name local-admin --host-url http://localhost:8086 --org <YOUR-ORG> --token <YOUR-TOKEN --active

docker cp influxdb:/etc/influxdb2/influx-configs ./

docker exec -it influxdb influx server-config > config.yml

docker run -p 8086:8086 \
  -v $PWD/config.yml:/etc/influxdb2/config.yml \
  -v $PWD/influx-configs:/etc/influxdb2/influx-configs \
  -v $PWD/data:/var/lib/influxdb2 \
  influxdb:2.7.4

Set up the influx CLI (v2.7+)

為了避免每次執行 influx CLI 指令時，需要重複做認證，透過 config create 可以將認證資訊儲存。

# Create config
influx config create --config-name <config-name> \
  --host-url http://localhost:8086 \
  --org <your-org> \
  --token <your-auth-token> \
  --active
  
influx config ls

# Enter InfluxQL shell
influx v1 shell
> show databases
> quit

# View the server configuration
influx server-config

Schema Design

official tutorial: InfluxDB schema design

Data organization

  • Bucket
    • Measurement
      • Tags
      • Fields
      • Timestamp

Data Elements

  • timstamp
  • measurement
  • tag key
  • tag value
  • field key
  • field value

Where to store data (tag or field)

tag value

  • 資料型式只能是 string
  • 資料長度不宜過長
  • 資料唯一性的筆數不宜過多

field value

  • 資料型式可以是 strings, floats, integers, or boolean
  • 如果是 String，寫入資料時必須包含雙引號
  • 如果是 Integer，寫入數值的最後要加上 i
  • 不支援 GROUP BY 的查詢語法
  • 適合儲存唯一性的資料
  • 一次寫入多筆資料時，每筆的所有 field value 的組合不可有重複，否則會寫入失敗。
  • field 資料不會有 index，如果查詢的語法用到 field，效率會很差。
含空白字元
# Measurement name with spaces
my\ Measurement fieldKey="string value"

# Double quotes in a string field value
myMeasurement fieldKey="\"string\" within a string"

# Tag keys and values with spaces
myMeasurement,tag\ Key1=tag\ Value1,tag\ Key2=tag\ Value2 fieldKey=100
名稱的限制

Measurement names, tag keys, and field keys 名稱不能用 _ 開頭。

Management

Service

systemctl start influxdb
systemctl enable influxdb
systemctl stop influxdb
InfluxDB v2.7
# InfluxQL shell
influx v1 shell
> show databases
> quit

# User management
influx user ls
## Create user
influx user create -n <username> -p <password> -o <org-name>
## Delete user
influx user delete -i <user-id>

# Bucket management
influx bucket ls
## Creaye bucket
influx bucket create --name <bucket-name> --org <org-name> --retention <retention-period-duration>
influx bucket delete -n <bucket-name>
## Rename the bucket
influx bucket update -i <bucket-id> --name <new-bucket-name>
## Update the retention
influx bucket update -i <bucket-id> --retention 90d

# Token management
influx auth ls

Case: 新增一個帳號 vmware 與 token 可以讀寫 bucket vmware

# Create a user for the Org windbs
influx user create -n vmware -o windbs
influx user password -n vmware 

# Create a token for the User vmware and <bucket-id>

influx auth create \
  --org windbs \
  --read-bucket 299f5d260eab27cc \
  --write-bucket 299f5d260eab27cc \
  --user vmware \
  --description "vmware's token"

Case: 新增一個 Token 有指定 Org 的完整權限

influx auth create \
  --org my-org \
  --description "my-org-all-access" \
  --all-access

Case: 新增一個 Token 有指定 Org 的 Operator 權限

influx auth create \
  --org my-org \
  --description "my-org-operator" \
  --operator

InfluxDB v1.8

Create a new user and database

influx
> CREATE USER admin WITH PASSWORD 'adminpass' WITH ALL PRIVILEGES
> exit

influx -username admin -password adminpass
> set password for admin = 'newpass'
>
> create database mmap_nmon with duration 180d
> create user mon with password 'thisispassword'
> grant ALL on mmap_nmon to mon
> show GRANTS for mon

Login to InfluxDB

# In the shell
influx -username admin -password thisispass

# In the InfluxDB CLI
> auth
username:
password

Logs (v2.7+)

journalctl -u influxdb
journalctl -n 50 -f -u influxdb
Configure log level

Level: debug, info (default), error

/etc/influxdb/config.toml:

log-level = "info"
Enable the Flux query log

/etc/influxdb/config.toml:

flux-log-enabled = true

Flux (v2.x)

2024/1/24 更新: Flux language 已經進入維護階段，未來版本會以 InfluxQL 與 core SQL 為主要查詢引擎。

要使用新版 Flux language 查詢資料，最好的方式是使用 Web 介面 Data Explorer。

List buckets

buckets()

List all measurements in a bucket

import "influxdata/influxdb/schema"

schema.measurements(bucket: "example-bucket")

List field keys

import "influxdata/influxdb/schema"

schema.fieldKeys(bucket: "example-bucket")

List fields in a measurement

import "influxdata/influxdb/schema"

schema.measurementFieldKeys(
    bucket: "example-bucket",
    measurement: "example-measurement",
)

List tags in a measurement

import "influxdata/influxdb/schema"

schema.measurementTagKeys(
    bucket: "example-bucket",
    measurement: "example-measurement",
)

Filter by fields and tags

from(bucket: "example-bucket")
    |> range(start: -1h)
    |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == "example-measurement-name" and r.mytagname == "example-tag-value")
    |> filter(fn: (r) => r._field == "example-field-name")

控制輸出筆數

|> first()
|> last()
|> limit(n: 3)

InfluxQL (v1.x)

> show databases
name: databases
name
----
_internal
nmon_reports
nmon2influxdb_log

> show users
user  admin
----  -----
admin true
mon   false

> use nmon_reports
Using database nmon_reports
> show measurements
name: measurements
name
----
CPU_ALL
DISKAVGRIO
DISKAVGWIO
DISKBSIZE
DISKBUSY
DISKREAD
DISKREADSERV
DISKRIO
DISKRXFER
DISKSERV
...

Retention Policy

# for current database
> show retention policies
name    duration  shardGroupDuration replicaN default
----    --------  ------------------ -------- -------
autogen 8760h0m0s 168h0m0s           1        true

# for specified database
> show retention policies on nmon2influxdb_log
name          duration shardGroupDuration replicaN default
----          -------- ------------------ -------- -------
autogen       0s       168h0m0s           1        false
log_retention 48h0m0s  24h0m0s            1        true

# Create a policy
> CREATE RETENTION POLICY "one_day_only" ON "NOAA_water_database" DURATION 1d REPLICATION 1

# Alter the policy
> ALTER RETENTION POLICY "what_is_time" ON "NOAA_water_database" DURATION 3w SHARD DURATION 2h DEFAULT

# Delete a policy
> DROP RETENTION POLICY "what_is_time" ON "NOAA_water_database"

Verify the account

curl -G http://localhost:8086/query -u mon:thisispassword --data-urlencode "q=SHOW DATABASES"
{"results":[{"statement_id":0,"series":[{"name":"databases","columns":["name"],"values":[["mmap_nmon"]]}]}]}

查詢表資訊

SHOW MEASUREMENTS  --查詢當前資料庫中含有的表
SHOW FIELD KEYS --查看當前資料庫所有表的欄位
show field keys from <measurement-name>
SHOW series from pay --查看key數據
SHOW TAG KEYS FROM "pay" --查看key中tag key值
SHOW TAG VALUES FROM "pay" WITH KEY = "merId" --查看key中tag 指定key值對應的值
SHOW TAG VALUES FROM cpu WITH KEY IN ("region", "host") WHERE service = 'redis'
DROP SERIES FROM  WHERE ='' --刪除key
SHOW CONTINUOUS QUERIES   --查看連續執行命令
SHOW QUERIES  --查看最後執行命令
KILL QUERY  --結束命令
SHOW RETENTION POLICIES ON mydb  --查看保留數據
show series cardinality on mydb --資料庫總筆數

查詢資料

SELECT * FROM /.*/ LIMIT 1  --查詢當前資料庫下所有表的第一行記錄
select * from pay  order by time desc limit 2
select * from  db_name."POLICIES name".measurement_name --指定查詢資料庫下資料保留中的表資料 POLICIES name資料保留

刪除資料

delete from "query" --刪除表所有資料，則表就不存在了
drop MEASUREMENT "query"   --刪除表（注意會把資料保留刪除使用delete不會）
DELETE FROM cpu
DELETE FROM cpu WHERE time < '2000-01-01T00:00:00Z'
DELETE WHERE time < '2000-01-01T00:00:00Z'
DROP DATABASE “testDB” --刪除資料庫
DROP RETENTION POLICY "dbbak" ON mydb --刪除保留資料為dbbak資料
DROP SERIES from pay where tag_key='' --刪除key中的tag

函數使用

  • mean: 平均值
  • sum: 總和
  • min: 最小值
  • max: 最大值
  • count: 總個數
  • difference: 差異數 (前後筆資料的比較)
  • non_negative_difference: 正差異數 (前後筆資料的比較)
select * from pay   order by time desc limit 2
select mean(allTime) from pay where time >= today() group by time(10m) tz('Asia/Taipei')
select * from pay tz('Asia/Taipei') limit 2
SELECT sum(allTime) FROM "pay" WHERE time > now() - 10s
select count(allTime) from pay  where time > now() - 10m  group by time(1s)

select difference("commit_sql") from "snapdb2" where time > now() - 1h limit 10
select non_negative_difference(*) from "snapdb2" where time > now() - 1h limit 10
select non_negative_difference(/commit_sql|rollback_sql/) from "snapdb2" where time > now() - 1h limit 10

User and Privileges

> CREATE USER "todd" WITH PASSWORD '123456'

> SHOW GRANTS for "todd"

> SET PASSWORD FOR "todd" = 'newpassword'

> GRANT READ ON "NOAA_water_database" TO "todd"
> GRANT ALL ON "NOAA_water_database" TO "todd"

> REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES FROM "todd"
> REVOKE ALL ON "NOAA_water_database" FROM "todd"
> REVOKE WRITE ON "NOAA_water_database" FROM "todd"

> DROP USER "todd"

Covert timestamp to normal datetime

influx -precision rfc3339
# Or, in CLI
> precision rfc3339

Convert InfluxData to csv format

# With CLI
# There is also useful -precision option to set format of timestamp.
influx -database 'database_name' -execute "SELECT * FROM table_name" -format csv > test.csv

influx -username your_user_if_any -password "secret!" -database 'db_name' -host 'localhost' -execute 'SELECT * FROM "db_name"."your_retention_policy_or_nothing"."your_measurement_name" WHERE time > '\''2017-09-05'\'' and time < '\''2017-09-05T23:59:59Z'\'' AND other_conditions_if_required' -format 'csv' > /tmp/your_measurement_name_20170905.csv

# With HTTP-API
# Samples:
# "q=SELECT * FROM \"mymeasurement\" where time > now() - 130d"
# "q=SELECT * FROM \"mymeasurement\" where (time < now() - 130d) and  (time > now() - 260d)"
curl -G 'http://localhost:8086/query' --data-urlencode "db=mydb" --data-urlencode "epoch=#timeunit" --data-urlencode "q=SELECT * FROM \"mymeasurement\" " -H "Accept: application/csv" >  mytargetcsv.csv

Tag Query

> show tag values from {measurement} with key={key}
> show tag values from {measurement} with key={key} where {tag-key}={tag-value}


Learning



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