AIX 管理技巧

Install package

Where to download the lsof, bind, rsyslog, openssh, openssl, etc packages?

URL: https://www.ibm.com/resources/mrs/assets/packageList?source=aixbp&lang=en_US

lsof_4.892.tar

tar xf lsof_4.892.tar
cd lsof_4.892
installp -acgXYd . lsof.base lsof.license lsof.man.en_US
lsof -v

tar xf lsof_4.892.tar
cd lsof_4.892
smitty installp

# Install Software 
# INPUT device / directory for software   [.]  << Input a dot
# SOFTWARE to install                     [_all_latest] << Esc + 4, Esc + 7
# ACCEPT new license agreements?          yes

Network

Check the interface

lsdev -Cc if
lsdev -Cc adapter
lscfg -vpl ent0
lsattr -El ent0
lsattr -El en0

Set the network

# Set the ip/netmask/gateway
/usr/sbin/mktcpip -h'aixvm' -a'192.168.99.100' -m'255.255.255.0' -i'en0' -g'192.168.99.1' -A'no' -t'N/A'

# Set the DNS server addr
echo "nameserver 1.1.1.1" > /etc/resolv.conf

LVM

# Add a disk hdisk3 to a PV
## NOTE: 新 disk 要加入 PV 成功後，執行 lspv 才會有 pv-id
cfgmgr
chdev -l hdisk3 -a pv=yes
lspv

# Remove a PV from a disk hdisk3
## If done, the pv-id appears 'none' 
chdev -l hdisk3 -a pv=clear
lspv

# Create VG with 128M(PP size)
mkvg -y <vg-name> -s 128 hdisk1 hidisk2

# Add PVs hdisk3, hdisk4 to specific VG 
extendvg <vg-name> hdisk3 hdisk4

# Remove a VG with PVs hdisk3, hdisk4
reducevg <vg-name> hdisk3 hdisk4

# Create LV with 5G
mklv -y <lv-name> -t jfs2 <vg-name> 5G

# Remove a LV
rmlv <lv-name>

Filesystem

# Create a filesystem with /data
## -A: Whether the filesystem is mounted at each system restart.
crfs -v jfs2 -d <lv-name> -A yes -m /data
mount /data

# Extend the size of 1024MB for specified filesystem
chfs -a size=+1024M /home
## Alternatively, resizing to specified number
chfs -a size=2048M /home

# Remove a filesystem
## Check if the mount-point has been closed/syncd
lslv -l <vg-name>
rmfs <mount-point>

資安相關指令

# Login Failed
who /etc/security/failedlogin | tail -50

# Check the number of previous unsucessful logins for the account to confirm it is blocked
lsuser -a account_locked unsuccessful_login_count {ALL|user_name}

# Reset unsucessful login counter
chsec -f /etc/security/lastlog -a unsuccessful_login_count=0 -s {user_name}

# Unlock the locked account
chuser account_locked=false {user_name}

# Lock account
chuser account_locked=true {user_name}

登入失敗後自動鎖定

可指定帳號或全域設定
注意：retry 的次數是累計制，登入成功一次，計數不會歸零
解鎖方式是歸零登入失敗的計數

chuser loginretries=5 <username>
lsuser -a loginretries <username>

監控 errpt

Sample #1

#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
# $0 = errptcheck_v3.sh
#
# Created: 05/16/2005 A-lang Hsu.
# Updated:
#    - v4, 11/19/2015 A-Lang
#    - v5, 11/17/2020 A-Lang
#
#
# This script will check the error log
# for new entries.  Upon finding them, it will send an email to
# administrators containing a message indicating the change
# in errlog status, as well as the offending lines.
#
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/es/sbin/cluster/utilities

tmpfile="errptcheck.$$"
trap "rm -f $tmpfile" EXIT

today="$(date +'%Y-%m-%d')"
nowtime="$(date +'%T')"

# Excluded identifier id
# 573790AA - The default log file has been changed.
# A3B02BE6 - sddsrv CAN'T WRITE ITS LOG FILE
#
#EXCLUDE_ID=" \
#573790AA \
#A3B02BE6 \
#"
EXCLUDE_ID=""

#
if $(which get_local_nodename >/dev/null 2>&1); then
    my_hostname=`hostname`#`get_local_nodename`
else
    my_hostname=`hostname`
fi

mail_subject="Warning:Hardware/Software error notification for host $my_hostname"
mail_to="alang@mycom.com"

#ec=`errpt -dH,S,U,O | grep -v "IDENTIFIER TIMESTAMP" | wc -l`
ERRGREP=""
n=0
for i in $EXCLUDE_ID;do
    n=$(($n+1))
    if [ "$n" -eq 1 ];then
       ERRGREP="$i"
    else
       ERRGREP="$ERRGREP|$i"
    fi
done
if [ -z "$ERRGREP" ]; then
   ec=`errpt -dH,S,U,O | grep -v "IDENTIFIER TIMESTAMP" | wc -l`
else
   ec=`errpt -dH,S,U,O | grep -v "IDENTIFIER TIMESTAMP" | grep -vE "$ERRGREP" | wc -l`
fi

if [ "$ec" -ne "0" ] ; then
        ec=`echo $ec | bc`
        cat <<EOF > $tmpfile
##############################################################
  This message was generated automatically by host ${my_hostname}.
  Please don't reply to this message.
##############################################################

The checked time is ${today} ${nowtime}
${ec} new errors have been found on $my_hostname.
EOF

        errlogl=`errpt -dH,S,U,O -a`
        cat <<EOF >> $tmpfile
Errlog details below:
${errlogl}
EOF
        mail -s "$mail_subject"  "$mail_to" < $tmpfile;

        cat $tmpfile
fi

Sample #2

#! /bin/ksh
#
# $0 = errmon.sh
#
# Written 11/3/1998 Bill Verzal.
#
# This script will run every [interval] and check the error log
# for new entries.  Upon finding them, it will send an email to
# administrators containing a message indicating the change
# in errlog status, as well as the offending lines.
#
if [ "$1" = "-v" ] ; then
   set -x
fi
lc="NULL"
tc="$lc"
# lc="last count"
# tc="this count"
#interval=900
interval=300
# Divide interval by 60 to get number of minutes.
me="$0 - Hardware error monitoring"
myname=`hostname`
args="$*"
#mailto="root"
mailto="alert"
true=0
false=1
boj=`date`

echo "$me started.\nThis message goes to $mailto." | mail -s "Errlog monitoring for $myname" $mailto
logger "$0 started"

while [ "$true" != "$false" ] ; do
    tc=`errpt -dH,S,U,O | wc -l`
    if [ "$lc" = "NULL" ] ; then
        lc="$tc"
    fi
    if [ "$lc" -ne "$tc" ] ; then
        foo=`echo "$tc-$lc"|bc`
        msg="$foo new errors have been found on $myname"
        page_msg="$foo new errors have been found on $myname"
        errlogl=`errpt -dH,S,U,O -a`
        if [ "$tc" -eq "0" ] ; then
            msg="$msg\n Errlog was cleared"
        else
            logger $msg
            msg=" $msg \n Errlog details below:\n $errlogl \n"
            echo "$msg" | mail -s "Errlog status change on host $myname" $mailto
        fi
    fi
    lc="$tc"
    sleep $interval
done

解封 HMC root

解锁 HMC8 及 HMC9 的 root 用户

Restricted Shell

針對指定帳號限制登入後的預設 Shell 環境的執行權限

教學：

How to Use a Restricted Shell

Defaul Shell：

# Change the default shell for the user to the restricted shell such as rksh or Rsh.
chuser shell=/usr/bin/rksh <user-name>
# OR
chsh <user-name> /usr/bin/rksh

.profile：

# Add the commands that are allowd to run by the user into the directory.
mkdir /usr/bin/restricted
cd /usr/bin/restricted
ln -s /usr/bin/date date

# Create a .profile in the user's home directory and set the PATH environment variable to 
# a directory containing all of the commands you want the user to be able to run
export PATH=/usr/bin/restricted

Core dump

# 解析 core file
dbx -C ./core

(dbx) corefile

(dbx) dump

(dbx) quit

System dump

errpt:

67145A39 0413095315    U    S    SYSDUMP    SYSTEM DUMP

Copy the dump from the dump device to a file using the savecore command:

savecore  .

Yes, the period is necessary. It indicates you want the dump copied to your current directory

savecore will copy the dump to your current directory, and name it:

vmcore.0.BZ

Uncompress the dump using the dmpuncompress command:

dmpuncompress  vmcore.0.BZ

Lastly, format the dump:

/usr/lib/ras/dmprtns/dmpfmt  -c  vmcore.0

Reading a Dump

kdb  vmcore.0  vmunix.0

系統效能

Memory - svmon

# For a summary of the top 15 processes using memory on the system
svmon -Pt15 | perl -e 'while(<>){print if($.==2||$&&&!$s++);$.=0 if(/^-+$/)}'

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Pid Command          Inuse      Pin     Pgsp  Virtual 64-bit Mthrd  16MB
18547096 db2sysc        3956861    12944   282407  4007901      Y     Y     N
19333470 db2sysc         690873    12944    26772   688572      Y     Y     N
19726694 db2sysc         271696    12944     6198   287133      Y     Y     N
13500914 db2sysc         263458    12943    18957   285159      Y     Y     N
 1966448 shlap64         109377    12900     3432   122071      Y     N     N
13631924 db2vend         105589    12900      597   115784      Y     N     N
19005734 db2sysc         105082    12902      409   114965      Y     Y     N
20709798 db2sysc         105071    12900      409   114953      Y     N     N
20119938 db2sysc         105071    12900      409   114953      Y     N     N
20185458 db2sysc         105071    12900      408   114953      Y     N     N
15597848 db2vend         104222    12900     1771   115608      Y     N     N
21430722 db2sysc         103728    12900     1576   114777      Y     N     N
21037528 db2sysc         103724    12902     1576   114773      Y     Y     N
14025064 db2sysc         103696    12900     1608   114777      Y     N     N
18350424 db2sysc         103696    12900     1608   114777      Y     N     N

Perl 應用

快速檢查特定模組安裝

perl -e "use LWP::UserAgent;"
perl -e "use DBI;"

HTTP GET request

use LWP::UserAgent;

my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new;

my $server_endpoint = "http://192.168.1.1:8000/service";

# set custom HTTP request header fields
my $req = HTTP::Request->new(GET => $server_endpoint);
$req->header('content-type' => 'application/json');
$req->header('x-auth-token' => 'kfksj48sdfj4jd9d');

my $resp = $ua->request($req);
if ($resp->is_success) {
    my $message = $resp->decoded_content;
    print "Received reply: $messagen";
}
else {
    print "HTTP GET error code: ", $resp->code, "n";
    print "HTTP GET error message: ", $resp->message, "n";
}

HTTP POST request

use LWP::UserAgent;

my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new;

my $server_endpoint = "http://192.168.1.1:8000/service";

# set custom HTTP request header fields
my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => $server_endpoint);
$req->header('content-type' => 'application/json');
$req->header('x-auth-token' => 'kfksj48sdfj4jd9d');

# add POST data to HTTP request body
my $post_data = '{ "name": "Dan", "address": "NY" }';
$req->content($post_data);

my $resp = $ua->request($req);
if ($resp->is_success) {
    my $message = $resp->decoded_content;
    print "Received reply: $messagen";
}
else {
    print "HTTP POST error code: ", $resp->code, "n";
    print "HTTP POST error message: ", $resp->message, "n";
}