Yum/Dnf & Rpm
yum/dnf
套件庫管裡
# 已啟用的套件庫清單
dnf repolist enabled
# 列出所有的套件庫包含 disabled 與 enabled
dnf repolist all
dnf repolist -v
# 已啟用套件庫的詳細資訊
dnf repoinfo
# 啟用指定的套件庫
dnf install yum-utils
dnf config-manager --enable <repositoryID>
# 停用指定的套件庫
dnf config-manager --disable <repositoryID>系統更新
# 查詢所有可更新的套件
dnf list updates
dnf check-update
dnf check-update --security
# 更新所有套件
dnf update
dnf update --disablerepo=epel
# 更新與安全性相關的套件
dnf update --security
dnf update-minimal --security
# 更新指定套件
dnf update sudo
dnf --security update sudo
dnf --security update-minimal sudo
# 系統更新驗證 (不做實際更新異動)
# NOTE: 這個驗證仍會下載更新檔至 cache 目錄，但不會有套件異動
dnf update -y --setopt tsflags=test
dnf clean packages檢視套件清單
dnf list --all
dnf list --installed
dnf list --available安裝/檢視指定版本套件
dnf --showduplicates list <package-name>
dnf list <package-name>-<version>
dnf install <package-name>-<version> 更新歷史紀錄
# To display a list of all the latest yum transactions, use:
dnf history
# To display a list of all the latest operations for a selected package, use:
dnf history list <package-name>
# To examine a particular transaction, use:
dnf history info <transactionID># dnf history list
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
ID | Command line | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12 | update | 2022-03-18 16:57 | I, U | 328 EE
11 | install haproxy | 2021-11-17 15:37 | Install | 1
10 | install chrony | 2021-11-10 17:44 | Install | 2
9 | install vim-enhanced | 2021-11-10 17:44 | Install | 4
8 | install sysstat | 2021-11-10 17:43 | Install | 1
7 | install yum-utils | 2021-11-10 17:43 | Install | 1
6 | install net-snmp-utils | 2021-11-10 17:43 | Install | 1
5 | install bind-utils net-snmp | 2021-11-10 17:42 | Install | 30
4 | install rsync mailx | 2021-11-10 17:42 | Install | 1
3 | install tmux | 2021-11-10 17:41 | Install | 1
2 | install redhat-lsb-core | 2021-11-10 17:38 | Install | 26
1 | | 2021-11-10 17:27 | Install | 396 EE各種舊版本的套件庫位址
清除套件庫清單及暫存的套件檔
dnf clean all搜尋套件
搜尋檔案 libstdc++.so.6
dnf whatprovides "*/libstdc++.so.6"
dnf provides "*/libstdc++.so.6"搜尋套件
dnf search mypackage
dnf search --all mypackage套件的相依性
dnf deplist <package-name>
repoquery --requires <package-name>下載 RPM 套件
yum -y install yum-utils.noarch
yumdownloader <package-name>
yumdownloader --destdir /path/to/download <package-name>
# Includ all dependencies
yumdownloader --resolve --alldeps <package-name>
# Extract downloaded RPM
rpm2cpio dekiwiki-10.0.1-3.1.noarch.rpm | cpio -idmv
yum -y install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/packages NetworkManager
啟用一個不常用的套件庫位址
dnf --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml kernel-ml-devel使用光碟 ISO方式來安裝套件
# vi /etc/yum.repo.d/CentOS-Media.repo
[c6-local]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
baseurl=file:///mnt/disc/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=0
NOTE: enabled=0，不是 1。將 DVD 掛載為 /mnt/disc。
# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo=c6-local list available
# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo=c6-local install nfs-utils
安裝本機端的 RPM 套件
dnf --nogpgcheck install htop-1.0.2-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm匯出已安裝套件列表
yum list installed
yum list installed |tail -n +3|cut -d' ' -f1 > installed_packages.lst
# 或
rpm -qa > installed_packages.lst
yum -y install $(cat installed_packages.lst)
安裝 EPEL 套件庫
EPEL - Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux
rpm -ivh http://mirror01.idc.hinet.net/EPEL/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh http://mirror01.idc.hinet.net/EPEL/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm TIPs:
錯誤: Error: Cannot retrieve metalink for repository: epel. Please verify its path and try again
解決: sed -i "s/mirrorlist=https/mirrorlist=http/" /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
安裝 ELRepo 套件庫
ELRepo - The Community Enterprise Linux Repository
rpm --import http://elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
# for RHEL-5, CENTOS-5
rpm -Uvh http://elrepo.org/elrepo-release-5-2.el5.elrepo.noarch.rpm
# for RHEL-6, CENTOS-6
rpm -Uvh http://elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-3.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm
安裝 RPMforge/RepoForge 套件庫
RPMforge 是由 Dag 及其他包裝者合作維護的。他們為 CentOS 提供超過 5000 個套件，包括 wine、vlc、mplayer、xmms-mp3 及其他受歡迎的媒體工具。它並不是 Red Hat 或 CentOS 的一部份，但卻是為那些發行版本而設計的。
http://repoforge.org/use/
如何補安裝套件組
系統在第一次安裝時，都可以選擇要安裝哪些套件組，假使之後系統要補裝某套件組，例如 GNOME 視窗套件，可以使用這些指令，而不用一一找出有哪些相依性的套件名稱。
# 列出有哪些套件組可安裝
yum grouplist
# 安裝 GNOME 視窗套件組
yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop Environment"
# 移除套件組
yum groupremove "Office Suite and Productivity" "Dial-up Networking Support"
Yum 設定
編輯 /etc/yum.conf
# Set Proxy
# proxy=http://<username>:<password>@<this.is.proxy.ip:<port>/
proxy=http://windowsad\username:password@proxy.server:port/
# Set Timeout
timeout=600安裝本機上的 RPM
yum localinstall my.rpm建立 YUM 套件庫主機 (with ISO)
安裝套件 createrepo
CetOS 5:
createrepo /source/path/reas5
createrepo -g /source/path/reas5/repodata/comps.xml
CetOS 6/7:
# 建立套件索引
createrepo /yum-repo-packages/centos_6.4_x86_64
# 建立套件群組索引
# CentOS 6.4
createrepo -g /yum-repo-packages/centos_6.4_x86_64/repodata/2727...cab6f72-c6-x86_64-comps.xml /yum-repo-packages/centos_6.4_x86_64
# RedHat 7.9
createrepo -g /mnt/yum-repo/redhat_7.9_x86_64/repodata/3df90817a193baef023d53222cc4ce8f4d15209e593bee361bf72016022008fb-comps-Server.x86_64.xml /mnt/yum-repo/redhat_7.9_x86_64RHEL 8:
# for RHEL 8 only
yum install createrepo_c
cp -r /mnt/iso/* /mnt/yum-repo/redhat_8.3_x86_64
createrepo /mnt/yum-repo/redhat_8.3_x86_64rhel-local.repo:
[LocalRepo_BaseOS]
name=LocalRepo_BaseOS
metadata_expire=-1
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
baseurl=ftp://10.1.115/LINUX_REPO/redhat_8.3_x86_64/BaseOS/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[LocalRepo_AppStream]
name=LocalRepo_AppStream
metadata_expire=-1
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
baseurl=ftp://10.10.1.115/LINUX_REPO/redhat_8.3_x86_64/AppStream/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
RPM
安裝套件
rpm -ivh vim-enhanced-*.x86_64.rpm
# Dry-run only without any changes
rpm -ivh --test vim-enhanced-*.x86_64.rpm查詢指令
# 查詢已安裝的套件的詳細資訊
rpm -qi <package-name>
# 查詢已安裝套件是 32 或 64 bit
rpm -qa --qf "%{n}-%{v}-%{r}.%{arch}\n" | grep -i <package-name>
# 查詢未安裝的套件資訊
rpm -qpi your.rpm
less your.rpm
# 列出已安裝套件的相依性
rpm -q --requires <package-name>
# 列出未安裝的 RPM 的相依性
rpm -qp --requires your.rpm
# 列出一個尚未安裝的 RPM 所包含的檔案列表
rpm -qlp your.rpm
# 查詢檔案所屬的套件名稱
rpm -qf /usr/bin/ksh
# 查詢 RPM Public Key
rpm -q gpg-pubkey | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr
清查所有已安裝套件的名稱、版本、架構等資訊
rpm -qa --queryformat '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}.%{ARCH}\n'| sort &> /tmp/rpm-qa.prod.output.txt檢查指定套件的 Changelog
rpm -q --changelog sudo | grep -i cve-2021-3156
rpm -q --changelog -p sudo-1.8.6p3-29.0.2.el6_10.3.x86_64.rpm | grep -F CVE-2021Rebuild source-rpm
yum install rpm-build
rpmbuild --rebuild something.src.rpmGPG
# List all GPG keys
rpm -q gpg-pubkey | sort | uniq -c
# Get the information of a key
rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-2f86d6a1-5cf7cefb清除 cache
yum clean all
rm /var/cache/yum/* -rf常用管理工具安裝
使用 minimal ISO 安裝後，有些常用工具必須手動安裝。
RedHat 6
yum install setuptool system-config-network* system-config-securitylevel-tui system-config-keyboard \
lvm2 lsof nfs-utils sysstat net-snmp net-snmp-utils vim-enhanced rsync mailx bind-utils vim-enhanced \
net-toolsRedHat 7/8
yum install chrony tmux vim-enhanced rsync mailx bind-utils net-snmp net-snmp-utils \
yum-utils sysstat nfs-utils redhat-lsb-core lsof net-tools
# for VMware guest OS
yum install open-vm-toolsFAQ
About EPEL Repository
Important Notice
- The following information has been provided by Red Hat, but is outside the scope of the posted Service Level Agreements and support procedures.
- Installing unsupported packages does not necessarily make a system unsupportable by Red Hat Global Support Services
- However, Red Hat Global Support Services will be unable to support or debug problems with packages not shipped in standard RHEL channels.
- Installing packages from EPEL is done at the user's own risk.
- The EPEL repository is a community supported repository hosted by the Fedora Community project.
- The EPEL repository is not a part of Red Hat Enterprise Linux and does not fall under Red Hat's Production Support Scope of Coverage. The repository is considered an optional repository and is not tested by Red Hat quality engineers.
(https://access.redhat.com/solutions/3358 )
What is the difference between yum update vs yum update-minimal
https://access.redhat.com/solutions/3620411