Datetime
時間格式代碼
%d：以十進製表示的月份中的第幾天，填充零。%m：十進製表示的月份，零填充。%y：以零填充的十進製表示法的年份的最後兩位數字。%Y：以十進製表示的四位年份數字，零填充。%H：當以十進製表示並填充零時（24 小時制）%I：當以十進製表示並填充零時（12 小時制）%M：用於填充零的十進製表示法。%S：以十進製表示的秒數，填充零。%f：十進製表示法中的微秒（6 位），填充 0。%A：區域設置的星期幾的名稱%a：區域設置的日期名稱（縮寫形式）%B：語言環境月份名稱%b：語言環境月份名稱（縮寫形式）%j：以十進制記數法表示的年份中的第幾天，零填充。%U：以十進製表示的年份中的周數，零填充（該週從星期日開始）%W：以十進製表示的年份週數，零填充（每週從星期一開始）
Today, Now
import datetime
dt_now = datetime.datetime.now()
print(dt_now)
# 2018-02-02 18:31:13.271231
print(type(dt_now))
# <class 'datetime.datetime'>
print(dt_now.year)
# 2018
print(dt_now.hour)
# 18String to Datetime
strptime(): 從字符串到日期和時間的轉換
from datetime import datetime
date_str = '09-19-2022'
date_object = datetime.strptime(date_str, '%m-%d-%Y').date()
print(type(date_object))
print(date_object) # printed in default format
# Output:
# <class 'datetime.date'>
# 2022-09-19from datetime import datetime
time_str = '13::55::26'
time_object = datetime.strptime(time_str, '%H::%M::%S').time()
print(type(time_object))
print(time_object)
# Output:
# <class 'datetime.time'>
# 13:55:26from datetime import datetime
import locale
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'de_DE')
date_str_de_DE = '16-Dezember-2022 Freitag' # de_DE locale
datetime_object = datetime.strptime(date_str_de_DE, '%d-%B-%Y %A')
print(type(datetime_object))
print(datetime_object)
# Output:
# <class 'datetime.datetime'>
# 2022-12-16 00:00:00date
- strftime() : 從日期和時間到字符串的轉換
import datetime
d = datetime.date(2020,1,1) # 2020-01-01import datetime
today = datetime.date.today()
print(today) # 2021-10-19
print(today.year) # 2021
print(today.month) # 10
print(today.day) # 19
print(today.weekday()) # 1 ( 因為是星期二，所以是 1 )
print(today.isoweekday()) # 2 ( 因為是星期二，所以是 2 )
print(today.isocalendar()) # (2021, 42, 2) ( 第三個數字是星期二，所以是 2 )
print(today.isoformat()) # 2021-10-19
print(today.ctime()) # Tue Oct 19 00:00:00 2021
print(today.strftime('%Y.%m.%d')) # 2021.10.19
newDay = today.replace(year=2020)
print(newDay) # 2020-10-19import datetime
d1 = datetime.date(2020, 6, 24)
d2 = datetime.date(2021, 11, 24)
print(abs(d1-d2).days) # 518time
import datetime
thisTime = datetime.time(12,0,0,1)
print(thisTime) # 12:00:00.000001import datetime
thisTime = datetime.time(14,0,0,1,tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=8)))
print(thisTime) # 14:00:00.000001+08:00
print(thisTime.isoformat()) # 14:00:00.000001+08:00
print(thisTime.tzname()) # UTC+08:00
print( thisTime.strftime('%H:%M:%S')) # 14:00:00
newTime = today.replace(hour=20)
print(newTime) # 20:00:00.000001+08:00datetime
datetime.datetime：日期和時間（日期和時間）datetime.date：日期datetime.time：時間datetime.timedelta：時差和經過時間
import datetime
thisTime = datetime.datetime(2020,1,1,20,20,20,20)
print(thisTime) # 2020-01-01 20:20:20.000020import datetime
print(datetime.datetime.today()) # 2021-10-19 06:15:46.022925
print(datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=8))))
# 2021-10-19 14:15:46.027982+08:00
print(datetime.datetime.utcnow()) # 2021-10-19 06:15:46.028630import datetime
now = datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=8)))
print(now) # 2021-10-19 14:25:46.962975+08:00
print(now.date()) # 2021-10-19
print(now.time()) # 14:25:46.962975
print(now.tzname()) # UTC+08:00
print(now.weekday()) # 1
print(now.isoweekday()) # 2
print(now.isocalendar()) # (2021, 42, 2)
print(now.isoformat()) # 2021-10-19 14:25:46.962975+08:00
print(now.ctime()) # Tue Oct 19 14:48:38 2021
print(now.strftime('%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S')) # 2021/10/19 14:48:38
print(now.timetuple()) # time.struct_time(tm_year=2021, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=19, tm_hour=16, tm_min=8, tm_sec=6, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=292, tm_isdst=-1)timedelta
日期/時間計算
import datetime
today = datetime.datetime.now()
yesterday = today - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
tomorrow = today + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
nextweek = today + datetime.timedelta(weeks=1)
print(today) # 2021-10-19 07:01:22.669886
print(yesterday) # 2021-10-18 07:01:22.669886
print(tomorrow) # 2021-10-20 07:01:22.669886
print(nextweek) # 2021-10-26 07:01:22.669886Timezone
import datetime
tzone = datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=8))
now = datetime.datetime.now(tz=tzone)
print(now) # 2021-10-19 15:07:51.128092+08:00from datetime import datetime, timezone
# Get the current time in UTC
utc_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
print(utc_time)from datetime import datetime
import pytz
timezone = pytz.timezone("America/New_York")
current_time_in_timezone = datetime.now(timezone)
print(current_time_in_timezone)Sleep
import time
time.sleep(5) # Pauses the code for 5 secondsTimestamp
Get Current Time in Milliseconds
milliseconds_since_epoch = time.time() * 1000Get Current Timestamp
current_timestamp = time.time()
print(current_timestamp)Timestamp to a human-readable date
timestamp = time.time()
readable_date = datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp)
print(readable_date)Time Diff.
time1 = datetime.now()
# ... some operations ...
time2 = datetime.now()
difference = time2 - time1
print(difference)start_time = time.time()
# ... some operations ...
end_time = time.time()
elapsed_time = end_time - start_time
print(f"Time elapsed: {elapsed_time} seconds")函式：日期轉換週
import datetime
def dow(date):
dateobj = datetime.datetime.strptime(date, r"%Y-%m-%d")
return dateobj.strftime("%A")
date_str = "2024-12-11"
print(dow(date_str)) # Output: Wednesday函式：隔年日期
import datetime
from datetime import date
def add_year(date_obj):
try:
new_date_obj = date_obj.replace(year = date_obj.year + 1)
except ValueError:
# This gets executed when the above method fails,
# which means that we're making a Leap Year calculation
new_date_obj = date_obj.replace(year = date_obj.year + 4)
return new_date_obj
def next_date(date_string):
# Convert the argument from string to date object
date_obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_string, r"%Y-%m-%d")
next_date_obj = add_year(date_obj)
#print("DEBUG", next_date_obj)
# Convert the datetime object to string,
# in the format of "yyyy-mm-dd"
next_date_string = next_date_obj.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
return next_date_string
today = date.today() # Get today's date
#print("DEBUG Today: ", today)
print(next_date(str(today)))
# Should return a year from today, unless today is Leap Day
print(next_date("2021-01-01")) # Should return 2022-01-01
print(next_date("2020-02-29")) # Should return 2024-02-29
No Comments