Skip to main content

Datetime

strftime, strptime時間格式代碼
  • %Y: 4-digit yeard：以十進製表示的月份中的第幾天，填充零。
  • %y: 2-digit yearm：十進製表示的月份，零填充。
  • %m: Month as a zero-padded numbery：以零填充的十進製表示法的年份的最後兩位數字。
  • %d: Day of the month as a zero-padded numberY：以十進製表示的四位年份數字，零填充。
  • %H:H：當以十進製表示並填充零時（24 Hour (24-hour clock) as a zero-padded number小時制）
  • %M:I：當以十進製表示並填充零時（12 Minute as a zero-padded number小時制）
  • %S:M：用於填充零的十進製表示法。
    • Second
  • %S：以十進製表示的秒數，填充零。
    • as
  • %f：十進製表示法中的微秒（6 位），填充 0。
  • %A：區域設置的星期幾的名稱
  • %a：區域設置的日期名稱（縮寫形式）
    • zero-padded
  • %B：語言環境月份名稱
    • number
  • %b：語言環境月份名稱（縮寫形式）
  • %j：以十進制記數法表示的年份中的第幾天，零填充。
  • %U：以十進製表示的年份中的周數，零填充（該週從星期日開始）
  • %W：以十進製表示的年份週數，零填充（每週從星期一開始）
    String to Datetime
    • strptime() : 從字符串到日期和時間的轉換
    from datetime import datetime

date_str = '09-19-2022'

date_object = datetime.strptime(date_str, '%m-%d-%Y').date()
print(type(date_object))
print(date_object)  # printed in default format

# Output:
# <class 'datetime.date'>
# 2022-09-19
    from datetime import datetime

time_str = '13::55::26'
time_object = datetime.strptime(time_str, '%H::%M::%S').time()
print(type(time_object))
print(time_object)

# Output:
# <class 'datetime.time'>
# 13:55:26
    from datetime import datetime
import locale

locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'de_DE')
date_str_de_DE = '16-Dezember-2022 Freitag'  # de_DE locale
datetime_object = datetime.strptime(date_str_de_DE, '%d-%B-%Y %A')
print(type(datetime_object))
print(datetime_object)

# Output:
# <class 'datetime.datetime'>
# 2022-12-16 00:00:00
    date
    • strftime() : 從日期和時間到字符串的轉換
    import datetime
d = datetime.date(2020,1,1)   # 2020-01-01
    import datetime
today = datetime.date.today()
print(today)                 # 2021-10-19
print(today.year)            # 2021
print(today.month)           # 10
print(today.day)             # 19
print(today.weekday())       # 1    ( 因為是星期二，所以是 1 )
print(today.isoweekday())    # 2    ( 因為是星期二，所以是 2 )
print(today.isocalendar())   # (2021, 42, 2)  ( 第三個數字是星期二，所以是 2 )
print(today.isoformat())     # 2021-10-19
print(today.ctime())         # Tue Oct 19 00:00:00 2021
print(today.strftime('%Y.%m.%d'))    # 2021.10.19

newDay = today.replace(year=2020)
print(newDay)                # 2020-10-19
    import datetime
d1 = datetime.date(2020, 6, 24)
d2 = datetime.date(2021, 11, 24)
print(abs(d1-d2).days)       # 518
    time
    import datetime
thisTime = datetime.time(12,0,0,1)
print(thisTime)   # 12:00:00.000001
    import datetime
thisTime = datetime.time(14,0,0,1,tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=8)))
print(thisTime)               # 14:00:00.000001+08:00
print(thisTime.isoformat())   # 14:00:00.000001+08:00
print(thisTime.tzname())      # UTC+08:00
print( thisTime.strftime('%H:%M:%S'))   # 14:00:00

newTime = today.replace(hour=20)
print(newTime)                # 20:00:00.000001+08:00
    datetime
    import datetime
thisTime = datetime.datetime(2020,1,1,20,20,20,20)
print(thisTime)    # 2020-01-01 20:20:20.000020
    import datetime
print(datetime.datetime.today())    # 2021-10-19 06:15:46.022925
print(datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=8))))
# 2021-10-19 14:15:46.027982+08:00
print(datetime.datetime.utcnow())   # 2021-10-19 06:15:46.028630
    import datetime
now = datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=8)))
print(now)                # 2021-10-19 14:25:46.962975+08:00
print(now.date())         # 2021-10-19
print(now.time())         # 14:25:46.962975
print(now.tzname())       # UTC+08:00
print(now.weekday())      # 1
print(now.isoweekday())   # 2
print(now.isocalendar())  # (2021, 42, 2)
print(now.isoformat())    # 2021-10-19 14:25:46.962975+08:00
print(now.ctime())        # Tue Oct 19 14:48:38 2021
print(now.strftime('%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S'))  # 2021/10/19 14:48:38
print(now.timetuple())    # time.struct_time(tm_year=2021, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=19, tm_hour=16, tm_min=8, tm_sec=6, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=292, tm_isdst=-1)
    timedelta

    日期/時間計算

    import datetime
today = datetime.datetime.now()
yesterday = today - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
tomorrow = today + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
nextweek = today + datetime.timedelta(weeks=1)
print(today)       # 2021-10-19 07:01:22.669886
print(yesterday)   # 2021-10-18 07:01:22.669886
print(tomorrow)    # 2021-10-20 07:01:22.669886
print(nextweek)    # 2021-10-26 07:01:22.669886
    Timezone
    import datetime
tzone = datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=8))
now = datetime.datetime.now(tz=tzone)
print(now)    # 2021-10-19 15:07:51.128092+08:00
    from datetime import datetime, timezone

# Get the current time in UTC
utc_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)

print(utc_time)
    from datetime import datetime
import pytz

timezone = pytz.timezone("America/New_York")

current_time_in_timezone = datetime.now(timezone)

print(current_time_in_timezone)
    Sleep
    import time

time.sleep(5) # Pauses the code for 5 seconds
    Timestamp

    Get Current Time in Milliseconds

    milliseconds_since_epoch = time.time() * 1000

    Get Current Timestamp

    current_timestamp = time.time()

print(current_timestamp)

    Timestamp to a human-readable date

    timestamp = time.time()

readable_date = datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp)

print(readable_date)

    Time Diff.
    time1 = datetime.now()

# ... some operations ...

time2 = datetime.now()

difference = time2 - time1

print(difference)
    start_time = time.time()

# ... some operations ...

end_time = time.time()

elapsed_time = end_time - start_time

print(f"Time elapsed: {elapsed_time} seconds")

    Back to top